Publication: Kulüp Sigortası
Abstract
Dünya deniz ticaretinde uygulanan sigorta türlerinin en önemlileri gemilerin tekne ve makinesine ilişkin Tekne Sigortası, ve donatanın tekne sigortası poliçeleriyle temin edilemeyen sorumluluklarını teminat altına alan Kulüp Sigortasıdır. Türk deniz ticaret filosundaki son yıllardaki gelişmenin aksine, deniz sigortacılığı, deniz sigorta hukuku ve dünya deniz ticaretinde uygulanan ve menşei İngiliz Hukukunda 1688 yıllarına dayanan tekne ve kulüp sigorta türleri konusunda, Türkiye genelinde tam anlamıyla bir bilgi kaynağına ve deneyimine sahip olunamamıştır. Bunun sonucu olarak, Türk bayraklı gemilerinin tekne sigortasının ancak Türk sigorta şirketleri aracılığıyla özellikle Londra piyasasından reasürans yoluyla, kulüp sigortasının ise doğrudan doğruya Londra piyasasındaki kulüplerden temin edilmekte olduğu görülmektedir. Türk deniz sigorta hukukundaki bu bilgi ve kaynak eksikliği, gemilerin deniz ticaretinde faaliyet göstermesi sırasında üçüncü şahıslara ait hak ve menfaatler açısından maruz kalınabilecek sorumlulukları teminat altına alan ve bir mali mesuliyet sigortası türü olan kulüp sigortasının hukuki açıdan incelenmesini ve Türk deniz sigorta hukukunda uygulanabilme özelliğinin tesbit edilmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Özellikle son yıllarda, dünya üzerindeki denizcilik faaliyetlerini uniform bir yapıya ulaştırmak ve standartlaşmasını sağlamak amacıyla ticari faaliyetleri düzenleyen konferanslar ve konvansiyonlar da gözönüne alındığında, kulüp sigortası hakkında yapılan bu incelemenin gerekliliği, daha açık bir şekilde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu amaçla doktora tezimin konusu, Kulüp Sigortası olarak belirlenmiştir. Kulüp sigortası hakkında yaptığımız inceleme sonucunda, Türk Ticaret Kanununun Sigorta Kitabında yer alan kuralların revizyonu sırasında bir deniz sigortası türü olan kulüp sigortası sözleşmesinin kavram ve mahiyetine de yer verilmesi gereklidir. Böylelikle, bu sigorta teminatının Türk sigorta hukukundaki kapsam ve mahiyeti ve Türk donatanlarının veya sigorta şirketlerinin kanun düzenlemesi karşısındaki konumunun belirlenmesi mümkün olacaktır. Ayrıca, Türk denizciliğinin gösterdiği gelişim hızıyla kurulacağına inandığımız milli bir kulübün de temellerinin kanun tarafından düzenlenmiş olmasını sağlayacaktır. Thesis
(English Version) The most important types of insurance being established in the world's international maritime trade are Hull Insurance (related to a vessel's hull and machinery) and Club Insurance ( the liabilities not covered by hull and ship owner's insurance policies). In spite of the development of the Turkish Maritime Trade fleet in recent years and comprehensive sources of information and experience concerning maritime insurance, the Laws of Maritime Insurance, originating in English Law dating back to 1688, haven't been achieved in Turkey. As a result of this, hull insurance of Turkish flag vessels can only be covered by Turkish insurance companies, especially through re-insurance from the London market, whereas club insurance is directly assured from the firms in the London market. This lack of information and resources in Turkish Maritime Insurance Law in this area makes it essential to re-examine Club Insurance and its feasibility within the sphere of Turkish Maritime Law. Club Insurance is a type of financial responsibility insurance which covers the liabilities of the rights and benefits of third parties while vessels are practicing commerce in maritime trade. Especially in recent years, re-examination of Club Insurance becomes more essential in view of recent conferences and conventions to define trade activities with the aim of standardization in maritime activities throughout the world. In light of this goals, the subject of my doctoral thesis is club insurance. The outcome of this examination of Club Insurance indicates that the revision of the regulations, which are stated in the Insurance Book of Maritime Law, must include the concept and character of Club Insurance agreements. So it will thus be possible to create a statute to insure this type of insurance is available in Turkish law and the ship owners and insurance companies will able to take advantage of the new regulations. On the other hand, the basis of a national club, which will be founded as a result of the development of Turkish Maritime Law, will be accomplished by Parliament.
(English Version) The most important types of insurance being established in the world's international maritime trade are Hull Insurance (related to a vessel's hull and machinery) and Club Insurance ( the liabilities not covered by hull and ship owner's insurance policies). In spite of the development of the Turkish Maritime Trade fleet in recent years and comprehensive sources of information and experience concerning maritime insurance, the Laws of Maritime Insurance, originating in English Law dating back to 1688, haven't been achieved in Turkey. As a result of this, hull insurance of Turkish flag vessels can only be covered by Turkish insurance companies, especially through re-insurance from the London market, whereas club insurance is directly assured from the firms in the London market. This lack of information and resources in Turkish Maritime Insurance Law in this area makes it essential to re-examine Club Insurance and its feasibility within the sphere of Turkish Maritime Law. Club Insurance is a type of financial responsibility insurance which covers the liabilities of the rights and benefits of third parties while vessels are practicing commerce in maritime trade. Especially in recent years, re-examination of Club Insurance becomes more essential in view of recent conferences and conventions to define trade activities with the aim of standardization in maritime activities throughout the world. In light of this goals, the subject of my doctoral thesis is club insurance. The outcome of this examination of Club Insurance indicates that the revision of the regulations, which are stated in the Insurance Book of Maritime Law, must include the concept and character of Club Insurance agreements. So it will thus be possible to create a statute to insure this type of insurance is available in Turkish law and the ship owners and insurance companies will able to take advantage of the new regulations. On the other hand, the basis of a national club, which will be founded as a result of the development of Turkish Maritime Law, will be accomplished by Parliament.