Publication: İstahrî, İbn Fadlan ve Ebu Hamid el-Gırnatî seyahatnamelerinde yer alan halk bilim unsurlarının incelenmesi
Abstract
Seyahatnameler milletlerin birbirlerine karşı çeşitli nedenlerden oluşan meraklarını gidermek konusunda tercih edilen seçkin eserlerdir. Türk kültürü Orta Çağ ve sonraki dönemlerde her zaman merak edilen kültürlerden olmuştur. Özellikle İslamiyet'e geçiş döneminde Arap seyyahlar tarafından Türk ülkeleri alımlı seyahat merkezleri hâline gelmiştir. İslamiyet'in Arap Yarımadası'na tamamen hâkim olmasının ardından uzak coğrafyalara tebliğ yoluyla ulaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Hem siyasal hem dini anlamlar içeren bu tebliğ seyahatleri yıllarca devam etmiştir. Bu seyahatlerin Türk kültürü için en değerlilerinden biri ise elbette İbn Fadlan'ın 921 yılında İtil Bulgarları Devleti'ne yaptığı yolculuktur. Bu seyahatin dışında Türk ülkeleri hakkında özgün içerikler barındıranlar ise İstahrî'nin ve Ebu Hamid el-Gırnatî'nin seyahatleridir. Üç eserin de ortak noktası Başkırt, Hazar, Oğuz ve Bulgar halkları üzerine değerli bilgiler sunmasıdır. Bu çalışmada İstahrî, İbn Fadlan ve el-Gırnatî'nin eserlerindeki Türk halk bilimi unsurları tespit edilmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan tespitler ve değerlendirmeler, Coğrafya, Beşerî Unsurlar, Tarihi ve Önemli Şahsiyetler, Maddi ve Manevi Kültürel Unsurlar başlıkları altında toplanmıştır. Başlıklar altında Türklerin sosyal hayatı, gelenekleri, giyim kuşamı, yeme içme âdetleri, inanç ve ritüelleri, efsaneleri gibi pek çok halk bilimi konusuna yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın giriş bölümünde seyahatname türü hakkındaki genel bilgilerle beraber araştırmanın konusunu oluşturan seyyahlar ve eserleri hakkında bilgiler paylaşılmıştır. Tezin seyahatname konulu bir çalışma olması nedeniyle girişin ardından coğrafya bölümüne yer verilmesi uygun görülmüştür. Coğrafya bölümünde Türk ülkelerinin iklim, nüfus ve coğrafi bilgileri incelenmiştir. Beşerî Unsurlar bölümünde ise eserlerdeki milletlere dair bilgiler, Türklerin sosyal yaşamı ve gelenekleri incelenmiştir. Son olarak Maddi ve Manevi Kültür Unsurları başlığı altında Türklerin mimarisi, yeme içme kültürü, giyim kuşam ve dış görünüşü, inanç ve ritüelleri, efsaneleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemeler neticesinde Türk kültüründeki birtakım gelenekler, inançlar ve ritüeller hakkındaki çeşitli konular tartışılmıştır. Böylelikle Türk kültürüne dair bazı konular üzerine yeniden araştırmaların gerekliliğine vurgu yapılmış ve kesin kabul edilen bazı görüşlerin tartışılabilmesi imkânı doğmuştur.
Travelogues are distinguished works that are preferred to satisfy the curiosity of nations against each other for various reasons. Turkish culture has always been one of the curious cultures in the Middle Ages and later periods. Especially during the transition period to Islam, Turkish countries have become attractive travel centers by Arab travelers. After the complete domination of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula, it was aimed to be transmitted to distant geographies by means of communiqué. These preaching journeys, which included both political and religious meanings, continued for years. One of the most valuable of these travels for Turkish culture is, of course, the journey of Ibn Fadlan to the Itil Bulgars State in 921. Apart from this trip, the ones that contain original content about Turkish countries are the travels of Istahri and Abu Hamid al-Gırnati. The common point of all three works is that they provide valuable information on the peoples of the Khazar, İtil Bulgari, Bashkir and Oghuz peoples. In this study, Turkish folklore elements in the works of Istahri, Ibn Fadlan and al-Gırnati were determined and evaluated. The determinations and evaluations made are grouped under the titles of Geography, Human Elements, Historical and Important Personalities, Material and Spiritual Cultural Elements. Under the headings, many folklore subjects such as the social life, traditions, clothing, eating and drinking customs, beliefs and rituals and legends of the Turks are included. In the introduction part of the study, general information about the type of travelogue and information about the travelers and their works, which are the subject of the research, are shared. Since the thesis is a study on travelogue, it was deemed appropriate to include the geography section after the introduction. In the Geography section, the climate, population and geographical information of the Turkish countries were examined. In the Human Elements section, the information about the nations in the works, the social life and traditions of the Turks were examined. Finally, under the title of Material and Spiritual Cultural Elements, the architecture, eating and drinking culture, clothing and appearance, beliefs and rituals and legends of the Turks were examined. As a result of the examinations, various issues about some traditions, beliefs and rituals in Turkish culture were discussed. Thus, the necessity of re-researching some of the issues of Turkish culture was emphasized and it was possible to discuss some of the opinions that were accepted as definite.
Travelogues are distinguished works that are preferred to satisfy the curiosity of nations against each other for various reasons. Turkish culture has always been one of the curious cultures in the Middle Ages and later periods. Especially during the transition period to Islam, Turkish countries have become attractive travel centers by Arab travelers. After the complete domination of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula, it was aimed to be transmitted to distant geographies by means of communiqué. These preaching journeys, which included both political and religious meanings, continued for years. One of the most valuable of these travels for Turkish culture is, of course, the journey of Ibn Fadlan to the Itil Bulgars State in 921. Apart from this trip, the ones that contain original content about Turkish countries are the travels of Istahri and Abu Hamid al-Gırnati. The common point of all three works is that they provide valuable information on the peoples of the Khazar, İtil Bulgari, Bashkir and Oghuz peoples. In this study, Turkish folklore elements in the works of Istahri, Ibn Fadlan and al-Gırnati were determined and evaluated. The determinations and evaluations made are grouped under the titles of Geography, Human Elements, Historical and Important Personalities, Material and Spiritual Cultural Elements. Under the headings, many folklore subjects such as the social life, traditions, clothing, eating and drinking customs, beliefs and rituals and legends of the Turks are included. In the introduction part of the study, general information about the type of travelogue and information about the travelers and their works, which are the subject of the research, are shared. Since the thesis is a study on travelogue, it was deemed appropriate to include the geography section after the introduction. In the Geography section, the climate, population and geographical information of the Turkish countries were examined. In the Human Elements section, the information about the nations in the works, the social life and traditions of the Turks were examined. Finally, under the title of Material and Spiritual Cultural Elements, the architecture, eating and drinking culture, clothing and appearance, beliefs and rituals and legends of the Turks were examined. As a result of the examinations, various issues about some traditions, beliefs and rituals in Turkish culture were discussed. Thus, the necessity of re-researching some of the issues of Turkish culture was emphasized and it was possible to discuss some of the opinions that were accepted as definite.
Description
Keywords
Bashkir Turks, Başkurt Türkleri, Ebu Hamid Muhammed el-Gırnati, Folk literature, Turkish, Folklorik ögelerHazarlar, Gelenekler, Halk edebiyatı, Türk, Ibn Abu al-Rabi, Muhammad b. Abd al-Rahim (Ebû Hâmid Muhammed El-Gırnâtî), 1080 or 1081-1169 or 1170. Seyahatname, Istakhri, Iṣṭakhrī, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad, 850 -957 or 958. Seyahatname, İbn Fadlan, İbn Fadlan,877-960. Seyahatname, İbn FadlanEbu Hamid Muhammed el-Gırnati, İstahrî, İtil Bulgar Devleti, KhazarsOghuzs, Oğuzlar, Seyahatname, Traditions, Travelogues, Turkish public literature, Türk halk edebiyatı, Volga Bulgarian stateFolkloric elements
