Publication: Bakü mimarisinin modernleşme sürecinde mimar Jozef Ploşko (1867-1931)
Abstract
Azerbaycan’da 19. yüzyılın sonlarında batılılaşma çabaları mimarlığın gelişiminde de mühüm rol oynamıştır. Bu dönemde iktisadi bakımdan zenginleşen Baküde petrol gelirlerinin etkisi ile önemli sayıda mimari eserler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu açıdan Bakü mimarlık tarihinin en zengin dönemi olan modernleşme sürecinin aydınlatılması önem taşımaktadır. Bakü mimarisinde Batı etkileri 19. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. Konstrüktivizm dönemine kadar etkin olmuştur ki, bu da genellikle Alman ve Polonyalı mimarların katkıları ile sağlanmıştır. Çalışmamızın konusu olan Bakü mimarlığının modernleşme sürecinde Polonyalı mimarlar, özellikle mimar Jozef Ploşko’nun eserleri Azerbaycan mimarlık tarihinde önemli yere sahiptir. Mimar Ploşko Rusya’da 1. Nicholas’ın adını taşıyan İnşaat Mühendisleri Enstitüsü’nü bitirdikten sonra 1897 yılında kendisi gibi Polonyalı hemşerisi başmimar Jozef Goslavskin’in daveti ile Bakü’ye gelmiştir. 1925 yılına kadar Bakü’de çalışmış, dönemin petrol zenginlerinin siparişi ile çok sayıda kamu, dini, konut yapıları inşa etmiştir. “İsmailiye”, “Muhtarov Sarayı”, “Fenomen Sinema Binası”, “Yeni Avrupa Oteli” ve birçok konut yapıları gibi binalar günümüzde de Bakü sokaklarını süsleyen tarihi önemli mimarlık eserlerindendir.
Westernization efforts in Azerbaijan at the end of the 19th century also played an important role in the development of architecture. In this period, a significant number of architectural works emerged with the effect of oil revenues in Bakü, which became economically rich. In this respect, it is important to illuminate the modernization process, which is the richest period in the history of Bakü architecture. Western influences in Bakü architecture began to spread from the end of the 19th century. Modern buildings made with the contributions of German and Polish architects were active until the Constructivism period. In the modernization process of Bakü architecture, which is the subject of our study, the works of Polish architects, especially the architect Jozef Ploşko, have an important place in the history of Azerbaijani architecture. Architect Ploşko came to Bakü in 1897 upon the invitation of his Polish compatriot, chief architect Jozef Goslavski, after graduating from the Institute of Civil Engineers named after Nicholas I in Russia. He worked in Bakü until 1925 and built many public, religious and residential buildings on the order of the oil rich of the period. Buildings such as “Ismailiyya”, “Mukhtarov Palace”, “Fenomen Cinema”, “New European Hotel”, and many residential buildings were historically important architectural works that still adorn the streets of Bakü today.
Westernization efforts in Azerbaijan at the end of the 19th century also played an important role in the development of architecture. In this period, a significant number of architectural works emerged with the effect of oil revenues in Bakü, which became economically rich. In this respect, it is important to illuminate the modernization process, which is the richest period in the history of Bakü architecture. Western influences in Bakü architecture began to spread from the end of the 19th century. Modern buildings made with the contributions of German and Polish architects were active until the Constructivism period. In the modernization process of Bakü architecture, which is the subject of our study, the works of Polish architects, especially the architect Jozef Ploşko, have an important place in the history of Azerbaijani architecture. Architect Ploşko came to Bakü in 1897 upon the invitation of his Polish compatriot, chief architect Jozef Goslavski, after graduating from the Institute of Civil Engineers named after Nicholas I in Russia. He worked in Bakü until 1925 and built many public, religious and residential buildings on the order of the oil rich of the period. Buildings such as “Ismailiyya”, “Mukhtarov Palace”, “Fenomen Cinema”, “New European Hotel”, and many residential buildings were historically important architectural works that still adorn the streets of Bakü today.