Publication: İstanbul piyasasından sağlanan süt ve süt ürünlerinin aflatoksin B1 ve M1 içerikleri yönünden yüksek basınçlı sıvı kromatografisi yöntemi ile araştırılması
Abstract
Mikotoksinler insanlar ve sıcakkanlı hayvanlarda hastalıklara sebep olan ve küfler tarafından üretilen toksik bileşiklerdir. Aflatoksin üreten A. flavus ve A. parasiticus doğada her yerde üreyebilir. Aflatoksinler hububatlarda, yağlı tohumlarda, hububatlardan yapılan fermente içkilerde, sütte ve birçok tarım ürünlerinde sıklıkla bulunabilir. Aflatoksin B1, B2, G1 ve G2 güçlü hepatotoksik ve karsinojenik etkilidir. İnsanda karsinojenik etkili aflatoksin M1 (AFLM1), AFLB1 in biyotransformasyonundan oluşan hidroksil metabolitidir. Ana bileşikten daha az etkisi olmasına rağmen, AFLM1 de hepatotoksik ve karsinojenik olarak bilinmektedir.Aflatoksin içeren yemlerle beslenen hayvanlarda AFLM1 süt ile atılır. Bu çalışmada İstanbul piyasasından sağlanan süt ve süt ürünlerinde AFLM1 ekstraksiyon ve TFA ile türevlendirildikten sonra fluoresans detektörlü YBSK (=HPLC, High Performance Liquid Chromatography) ile analiz edildi. 87 süt, 15 yoğurt, 15 peynir ve 1 süt tozu örneği çalışıldı. Memleketimizde AFLM1 için kabul edilebilir en yüksek değer süt ve süt ürünleri için 0.05 g/ l ve peynir için 0.25 g/ kg dır. AFLM1 87 süt örneğinin 69 unda 0.006-0.567 g/ l seviyelerinde bulundu.Süt örneklerinin %11.6 sı, yoğurt örneklerinin %93.3 ü ve peynir örneklerinin %13.3 ü kabul edilebilir en yüksek değerden büyüktü. 87 süt örneğinin 30 unda (%34.5) AFLB1 için ortalama değer 0.015 g/ l (0.006-0.076 g/ l) tespit edildi. Analiz edilen 15 yoğurt örneğinin 8 inde (%53.3) 0.030-0.198 g/ l seviyelerinde bulundu. Peynir örneklerinde ise AFLB1 bulunamadı. Süt, (bir örnek dışında 0.567 g/ l) yoğurt ve peynir örneklerinde AFLM1 e rastlama sıklığı ve bulunan değerler diğer ülkelerdeki sonuçlarla benzer bulunmuştur. Bundan dolayı, süt ve süt ürünlerinin kaliteli üretilmesi için yemlerin depolanması sırasında AFLB1 ile kontamine olmamasına dikkat edilmelidir. Süt ve süt ürünlerinin AFLM1 içermesi şu anda İstanbulda ciddi bir sağlık problemi olarak görülmemektedir. An Investigation of Aflatoxin B1 and M1 by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in Milk and Dairy Products Marketed in Istanbul 2.
An investigation of aflatoxin B1 and M1 by high-performance liquid chromatography in milk and dairy products marketed in Istanbul. Mycotoxins which cause disease in animals or man are toxic substances produced by molds. Strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus that produce aflatoxins are ubiquitous in nature. Aflatoxins have been frequently detected in grains, oil seeds, beverages made from grains, milk and many agricultural commodities. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 are potent hepatotoxins and also potent carcinogens. Aflatoxin M1 (AFLM1), as a possible human carcinogen is a hydroxylated metabolite arising from the biotransformation of aflatoxin B1. When contaminated feedstuffs are consumed by dairy cattle, AFLM1 is excreted in milk. In the present work, some milk and dairy products marketed in Istanbul (Turkey) were analysed for AFLM1 using HPLC with a fluorescence detector. Collected samples were 87 milks, 15 yoghurts and 15 cheese and 1 milk powder. In Turkey, the recommended limits for AFLM1 are 0.05 g/ l for milk and dairy products and 0.25 g/ kg for cheese. AFLM1 was found at levels of 0.007 to 0.567 g/ l in 69 of the 87 milk samples analysed. AFLM1 levels were found higher than the regulatory limits in the 11.6% of milk samples, in the 93.3% of yoghurt samples and in the 13.3% cheese samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFLB1) was detected in 30 of the 87 milk samples (34.5%) with a mean concentration 0.015 g/ l ( 0.006-0.076 g/ l). AFLB1 was found at levels of 0.030-0.198 g/ l in 8 (53.3%) of the 15 yoghurt samples analysed. AFLB1 was not detected in cheese samples. The incidence and level of AFLM1 in milk (except in one samples 0.567 g/ l), yoghurt and cheese products contaminated with AFLM1 were found similar to those reported in other countries. Therefore, to produce quality milk or dairy products, it is essential to avoid contamination by AFLB1 of feeds during storage. Contamination of milk and milk products with AFLM1 does not appear to be a serious public health problem in the city of Istanbul at the moment.
An investigation of aflatoxin B1 and M1 by high-performance liquid chromatography in milk and dairy products marketed in Istanbul. Mycotoxins which cause disease in animals or man are toxic substances produced by molds. Strains of A. flavus and A. parasiticus that produce aflatoxins are ubiquitous in nature. Aflatoxins have been frequently detected in grains, oil seeds, beverages made from grains, milk and many agricultural commodities. Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 are potent hepatotoxins and also potent carcinogens. Aflatoxin M1 (AFLM1), as a possible human carcinogen is a hydroxylated metabolite arising from the biotransformation of aflatoxin B1. When contaminated feedstuffs are consumed by dairy cattle, AFLM1 is excreted in milk. In the present work, some milk and dairy products marketed in Istanbul (Turkey) were analysed for AFLM1 using HPLC with a fluorescence detector. Collected samples were 87 milks, 15 yoghurts and 15 cheese and 1 milk powder. In Turkey, the recommended limits for AFLM1 are 0.05 g/ l for milk and dairy products and 0.25 g/ kg for cheese. AFLM1 was found at levels of 0.007 to 0.567 g/ l in 69 of the 87 milk samples analysed. AFLM1 levels were found higher than the regulatory limits in the 11.6% of milk samples, in the 93.3% of yoghurt samples and in the 13.3% cheese samples. Aflatoxin B1 (AFLB1) was detected in 30 of the 87 milk samples (34.5%) with a mean concentration 0.015 g/ l ( 0.006-0.076 g/ l). AFLB1 was found at levels of 0.030-0.198 g/ l in 8 (53.3%) of the 15 yoghurt samples analysed. AFLB1 was not detected in cheese samples. The incidence and level of AFLM1 in milk (except in one samples 0.567 g/ l), yoghurt and cheese products contaminated with AFLM1 were found similar to those reported in other countries. Therefore, to produce quality milk or dairy products, it is essential to avoid contamination by AFLB1 of feeds during storage. Contamination of milk and milk products with AFLM1 does not appear to be a serious public health problem in the city of Istanbul at the moment.