Publication: Kamu özel sektör işbirliği (PPP) projelerinin hukuki rejimi
Abstract
KAMU ÖZEL SEKTÖR İŞBİRLİĞİ(PPP) PROJELERİNİN HUKUKİ REJİMİ TEZİNİN TÜRKÇE ÖZETİ Ülkemizde kamu hizmetlerinin karşılanabilmesi için artan proje stoku bulunmasına rağmen, bu projeler kaynak yetersizliğinden dolayı hayata geçememektedir Kamu hizmetlerinin topluma gerektiği şekilde sunulabilmesi için gerekli altyapı yatırımları yapılamadığından özel sektörün desteği gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple PPP projeleri idare ile özel sektörün büyük altyapı yatırımlarında beraber yer aldığı uygulamalardır. Her PPP projesi aslında yapım, kiralama, işletme hakkının verilmesi, ortaklık, menkul kıymetleştirme, sınırlı ayni hakların tesisi gibi ana unsurların bir araya getirilmesinden oluşmaktadır. Her bir unsura PPP projelerinin özellikleriyle uygun düştüğü ölçüde Borçlar Kanunu hükümleri uygulanacaktır. Akdi PPP ve kurumsal PPP olarak iki ayrı uygulaması bulunan PPP modelinin en hassas noktası risklerin dengeli dağılımıdır. Bu nedenle, riskin o riski en iyi yönetebilecek tarafa ait olması, PPP sözleşmelerine ilişkin emredici bir kural olarak düzenlenmelidir. Ayrıca ülkemizde daha önceki yıllarda yapılan hataların tekrar edilmemesi için hukuki anlamda. PPP Projelerinde Anayasal ve yasal sınırlar gözetilerek uygulamaya yön verilmelidir. Kamunun, özel sektör ile ilişkisinde sözleşmeler hukuku alanındaki taraf eşitliği ilkesi de unutulmamalıdır. Üzerinde durulması gereken bir başka önemli husus PPP projelerinin hem idare hem özel sektör açısından uzmanlaşmış bir kadroya ihtiyaç duymasıdır. Bu nedenle, hukuki yapıyı güçlendirmek ve başarılı PPP projelerini gerçekleştirmek için esnek modelleri içeren, hızlı karar alma süreçlerini düzenleyen ve siyasi irade ile özel sektörü bir araya getiren tek bir mevzuatın bulunması ve ihale yapma yetkisi olan merkezi bir PPP idaresinin kurulması gerekmektedir. PPP projelerinin esnek ihale sistemleriyle yürütülmesi, ihale sürecindeki aksaklıkların süreç içinde giderilmesi ve çıkan uyuşmazlıklarda da zorunlu, tavsiye niteliğinde tahkim uygulaması getirilmelidir.
OF THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF PPP PROJECT THESIS Despite the increase in the number of projects for fulfilling the public services, these projects do not have the ability to be carried into action because of the budget constraints and lack of required resources. Since the necessary infrastructural investments for providing the required public services to the community can not be performed, the support of private sector is needed in order to fulfill the mentioned public services.For this reason, governmental institutions and private sector act together in the big infrastructural investments.The PPP contracts are developed as an alternative solution of the mentioned problem. Every PPP Project includes construction, leasing, giving the right of enterprise, partnership, securitization, create limited property right.Code of Obligations provisions will be implemented to all factors within the bound of applicability of PPP projects. There are two different practises of PPP.One of them is Contractual PPP and the other one is Instıtutıonal PPP.The critical point of PPP modal is balanced dıstrıbutıon of rısks. That is why “risk sould be belong to the party which can handle the risk better” principle should be issued as a mandatory regulation in PPP Contracts.For preventing the previous mistakes done in our country, Constitutional and legal boundaries must be taken into consideration while performing the PPP projects.Equality of the parties is another important principle which shoul not be forgotten. Another important matter is that the PPP projects needs an experienced and expert organization which is both competent in governmental and private sector.That is why the existence of only one legislation which supports the legal structure and includes flexible modals for actualizing the successful PPP projects and brings the political will and private sector together and establishing a central PPP administration is necessary. To sum up, PPP Projects should perform with flexible auction/ bidding systems , the administrative disruptions occured in the bidding should be eliminated during the process and Arbitration should be a mandatory for all kinds of disputes occured.
OF THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF PPP PROJECT THESIS Despite the increase in the number of projects for fulfilling the public services, these projects do not have the ability to be carried into action because of the budget constraints and lack of required resources. Since the necessary infrastructural investments for providing the required public services to the community can not be performed, the support of private sector is needed in order to fulfill the mentioned public services.For this reason, governmental institutions and private sector act together in the big infrastructural investments.The PPP contracts are developed as an alternative solution of the mentioned problem. Every PPP Project includes construction, leasing, giving the right of enterprise, partnership, securitization, create limited property right.Code of Obligations provisions will be implemented to all factors within the bound of applicability of PPP projects. There are two different practises of PPP.One of them is Contractual PPP and the other one is Instıtutıonal PPP.The critical point of PPP modal is balanced dıstrıbutıon of rısks. That is why “risk sould be belong to the party which can handle the risk better” principle should be issued as a mandatory regulation in PPP Contracts.For preventing the previous mistakes done in our country, Constitutional and legal boundaries must be taken into consideration while performing the PPP projects.Equality of the parties is another important principle which shoul not be forgotten. Another important matter is that the PPP projects needs an experienced and expert organization which is both competent in governmental and private sector.That is why the existence of only one legislation which supports the legal structure and includes flexible modals for actualizing the successful PPP projects and brings the political will and private sector together and establishing a central PPP administration is necessary. To sum up, PPP Projects should perform with flexible auction/ bidding systems , the administrative disruptions occured in the bidding should be eliminated during the process and Arbitration should be a mandatory for all kinds of disputes occured.