Publication: İslam hukuku ve türk medeni hukukunda evlenmenin hükümsüzlüğü ve hukuki sonuçları
Abstract
TEZ ÖZETİ İslam Hukuku ve Türk Medeni Hukukunda Evlenmenin Hükümsüzlüğü ve Hukuki Sonuçları Yazar: Abdurrahman SAVAŞ Sözleşme iki taraflı bir hukuki işlemdir. Borçlar Hukuku alanında sözleşmelerin kurulması ve geçerliliğine ilişkin genel kurallar bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte aile hukuku alanında özellikle evlenme sözleşmesinin kurulmasına ve geçerliliğine yönelik farklı şartlar ve kurallar getirilmiştir. Getirilen bu kurallara aykırı davranmanın yaptırımı da borçlar hukuku alanındakilerden daha farklı düzenlenmiştir. Evlenme sözleşmesinin kurulması için farklı cinsiyetteki kişilerin yetkili memur önünde bizzat kendileri tarafından iradelerini beyan etmeleri gerekmektedir. İslam Hukuku da yetkili memur dışında aynı şartları aramaktadır. Türk Hukuku tarafların temyiz gücünden sürekli olarak yoksun olmamalarını, evlenmelerine engel olacak derecede akraba olmamalarını, evli olmamalarını, evliliğe engel olacak derecede akıl hastası olmamalarını istemektedir. Bunlara uyulmazsa evlenmeyi mutlak butlanla batıl saymakta ve sona erdirmektedir. Tarafların temyiz gücünden geçici olarak yoksun olmaları durumunda, taraflardan birisinin iradesinin hata, hile ve ikrah sebebiyle fesada uğramış olması durumunda ve kanuni temsilcinin izninin olmamsı durumunda ise nispi butlanın olduğunu kabul etmiş, ilgili tarafa iptal hakkı tanımıştır. İslam Hukuku da evlenme için tarafların temyiz gücüne ve evlenme ehliyetine sahip olmalarını, iradelerinin uyuşmasını, bunların aynı mecliste yapılmasını, kesinlik ifade etmesini aramaktadır. Bunlara riayet edilmeden yapılan evlenmeleri de batıl saymaktadır. Ayrıca evlenme sözleşmesinin akıllı, baliğ olmuş, hür ve Müslüman iki şahit önünde yapılmasını, irade beyanlarının fesada uğramamış olmasını ve sözleşmenin süreli olmamasını da aramaktadır. Bunlara uyulmazsa sözleşmeyi fasid olarak nitelendirmektedir. Türk Hukuku yok olan evliliklere herhangi bir sonuç yüklemezken batıl olan evlenmelere sona erinceye kadar geçen süre içinde geçerli olan bir evliliğin tüm sonuçlarını yüklemektedir. İslam hukuku da batıl evlenmeler hiç bire sonuç yüklemezken fasid olan evlenmelere bazı hukuki sonuçlar yüklemektedir.
Invalidity of the marriage in Turkish and İslamic Law And its Legal Results Writter: Abdurrahman SAVAŞ Contract is a bilateral legal transaction. In the law of obligation, there are some rules to act a valid contract. But in family law there are some other rules about marriage contract. The marriage contract is very important contract because it is base of the family and society. Nonperformance of these rules which are in family law has differrent solutions from which are in law of obligation. Marriage contract must occure between two parties which have mental capacity. Also the parties must be in different sex. And marriage ceremony must be made in front of authorized government officer. Islamic Law (Fiqh) requires same conditions except authorized government officer. In Turkish law, The marriage contract is absolite null If the parties (or one of them) have not mental capacity forever, or the parties have kinship which not allow them to marry, or the parti(es) are mental patients, or they are (one of them) is also married at the marriage contract time. The marriage contract can be canceled by one party if the other party has not mental capacity temporaryly, or his own will is invalid because of the error, intimidatio or ruse. Also there must be affirmation of the legal representetive fort he clild. Marriage is legalized by a contract ('aqd), which, like all other contracts in Islam, consists of a declaration (ijab) and an acceptance (qabul). The woman declares that she is entering into a relationship of marriage with the man, and he accepts her as his wife. In Islamic Law the parties must be capable to act a contract. And their will must agree to each other. The declarations of the mind must be at the some place (majlis) and must be conclusive. A man and woman may be forbidden from marrying for several reasons. Blood relationship (qaraba). A man may not marry some women like his mother or any of his grandmothers . Relationship by marriage (musahara). A man may not marry the mother or grandmothers of his wife or like this. There are certain women whom a man may marry singly, but not at the same time. The Shafi'i, Hanbali, and Hanafi schools hold that the presence of two witnesses is a pillar of marriage and that without their presence, the contract is invalid.
Invalidity of the marriage in Turkish and İslamic Law And its Legal Results Writter: Abdurrahman SAVAŞ Contract is a bilateral legal transaction. In the law of obligation, there are some rules to act a valid contract. But in family law there are some other rules about marriage contract. The marriage contract is very important contract because it is base of the family and society. Nonperformance of these rules which are in family law has differrent solutions from which are in law of obligation. Marriage contract must occure between two parties which have mental capacity. Also the parties must be in different sex. And marriage ceremony must be made in front of authorized government officer. Islamic Law (Fiqh) requires same conditions except authorized government officer. In Turkish law, The marriage contract is absolite null If the parties (or one of them) have not mental capacity forever, or the parties have kinship which not allow them to marry, or the parti(es) are mental patients, or they are (one of them) is also married at the marriage contract time. The marriage contract can be canceled by one party if the other party has not mental capacity temporaryly, or his own will is invalid because of the error, intimidatio or ruse. Also there must be affirmation of the legal representetive fort he clild. Marriage is legalized by a contract ('aqd), which, like all other contracts in Islam, consists of a declaration (ijab) and an acceptance (qabul). The woman declares that she is entering into a relationship of marriage with the man, and he accepts her as his wife. In Islamic Law the parties must be capable to act a contract. And their will must agree to each other. The declarations of the mind must be at the some place (majlis) and must be conclusive. A man and woman may be forbidden from marrying for several reasons. Blood relationship (qaraba). A man may not marry some women like his mother or any of his grandmothers . Relationship by marriage (musahara). A man may not marry the mother or grandmothers of his wife or like this. There are certain women whom a man may marry singly, but not at the same time. The Shafi'i, Hanbali, and Hanafi schools hold that the presence of two witnesses is a pillar of marriage and that without their presence, the contract is invalid.