Publication: Türkiye ve İtalya'da aktif emek piyasası politikaları ve genç işsizliği : karşılaştırmalı bir analiz
Abstract
İŞSİZLİĞİ: KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ 1980’lerde Keynesyen politikaların çıkmaza girmesi ve neoliberal politikaların yükselmeye başlaması ile refah devleti, yerini istihdam devletine bırakmıştır. 1990’larda işsizliğin yapısal boyut kazanması özellikle gelişmiş ülkeleri bazı tedbirler almaya zorlamıştır. Vatandaşlarına refah sağlayan devletler, pasif istihdam politikalarından aktif istihdam politikalarına doğru geçiş yapma ihtiyacı hissettiler. Bu, devletlerin bir nevi vatandaşlarına sürekli balık vermek yerine balık tutmalarını öğretmeleri gibi bir şeydi. Aktif istihdam politikalarına harcama yapan devletler işsizlik olgusundan daha az zarar görmektedirler. Ancak genel işsizlikle mücadelede yakalanan başarı genç işsizlik ile mücadelede tam olarak sağlanamamıştır Dünya genelinde işsizlikten en fazla etkilenen gruplar hiç şüphesiz işgücü piyasasına yeni giren ve dezavantajlı gruplardan biri olan gençlerdir. Bu konuda başta AB, OECD, ILO ve STK’lar ile üniversiteler önemli çalışmalar yapmışlardır. Ülkelerin gençlere yönelik uygulamaya koydukları aktif emek piyasası politikaları genç işsizliğin azaltılmasında önemli katkılar sunmuştur. Bu tez özetle 1980’lerde çıkmaza giren refah devleti sorununun nasıl aşıldığı, neoliberalizm ile birlikte welfare modelinden workfare modeline geçişi, aktif istihdam politikalarının gelişimini, türlerini ve genç işsizliği sorunu için çözüm yollarını aramaktadır. Ayrıca Güney Avrupa refah devletinin üyesi olan İtalya ile Türkiye’nin genç işsizliği sorununu karşılaştırma yaparak bu ülkelerin genç işsizlik konusundaki güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini göstermektedir.
In the 1980s, with Keynesian politics at an impasse and neoliberal policies beginning to rise, the welfare state was replaced by a state of forced employment. The structural dimension of unemployment in the 1990s forced especially developed countries to take some measures. States that provide welfare to their citizens felt the need to move from passive employment policies to active employment policies. It was kind of like governments teaching their citizens to fish instead of constantly giving them fish. States that spend on active employment policies suffer less than the phenomenon of unemployment. However, the success achieved in the fight against general unemployment has not been fully achieved in the fight against youth unemployment. Undoubtedly, the groups most affected by unemployment worldwide are the young people who are new to the labor market and one of the disadvantaged groups. In this regard, especially the EU, OECD, ILO, NGOs and universities have carried out important work. Active labor market policies implemented by countries for young people have made significant contributions to reducing youth unemployment. In summary, this thesis seeks to overcome the problem of the welfare state, which came to a deadlock in the 1980s, the transition from the welfare model to the workfare model with neoliberalism, the development of active employment policies, its types and solutions for the problem of youth unemployment. It also shows the strengths and weaknesses of the countries on youth unemployment by comparing the youth unemployment of Italy, which is a member of the Southern European welfare state, and Turkey.
In the 1980s, with Keynesian politics at an impasse and neoliberal policies beginning to rise, the welfare state was replaced by a state of forced employment. The structural dimension of unemployment in the 1990s forced especially developed countries to take some measures. States that provide welfare to their citizens felt the need to move from passive employment policies to active employment policies. It was kind of like governments teaching their citizens to fish instead of constantly giving them fish. States that spend on active employment policies suffer less than the phenomenon of unemployment. However, the success achieved in the fight against general unemployment has not been fully achieved in the fight against youth unemployment. Undoubtedly, the groups most affected by unemployment worldwide are the young people who are new to the labor market and one of the disadvantaged groups. In this regard, especially the EU, OECD, ILO, NGOs and universities have carried out important work. Active labor market policies implemented by countries for young people have made significant contributions to reducing youth unemployment. In summary, this thesis seeks to overcome the problem of the welfare state, which came to a deadlock in the 1980s, the transition from the welfare model to the workfare model with neoliberalism, the development of active employment policies, its types and solutions for the problem of youth unemployment. It also shows the strengths and weaknesses of the countries on youth unemployment by comparing the youth unemployment of Italy, which is a member of the Southern European welfare state, and Turkey.