Publication: Kripto paralar ve merkezi olmayan finans uygulamaları
Abstract
Kripto paralar bir yandan hayatımızdaki ağırlığını günden güne arttırırken diğer yandan hala tartışmaların ve eleştirilerin odağı konumundadır. Kripto paraları kullanan ve destekleyenler düşük işlem ücreti, yüksek transfer hızı, bir ülke ya da kurum denetiminde olmadığı için yerel politikalardan etkilenmemesi gibi argümanlar sunarken bir yandan kripto para sistemleri, teoride insanları dolandırma yeteneği olmayan, bozulmaz ve ademi merkezi bir program ile güven temin etmektedir. Bu görüşe karşın kripto paraların merkeziyetsiz olmasının yarattığı güvensizlik algısı, ponzi olma olasılığı, anonim olarak işlem yapılabilmesi sayesinde kara para aklama, vergi kaçakçılığı gibi illegal faaliyetlere aracı olması, enflasyonist etkiye sahip olması gibi sebeplerden dolayı karşıt görüşler de vardır. Söz konusu bu karşıt görüşlerin varlığı sebebiyle bu çalışma kapsamında, kripto para ekosistemi ve ürünleri hakkında bilgi vermek amaçlanmış olup, blokzincir ağlarının yapısı, gelişim evreleri, çalışma prensipleri, geçmişten günümüze kripto para girişimleri ve günümüzdeki piyasa değeri en yüksek 20 kripto para incelenmiştir. Buna ek olarak, dünyada çeşitli ülkelerin kripto para kullanımı konusundaki yaklaşımları ve yaptıkları yasal düzenlemeler incelenmiş olup bu bağlamda SWOT analizi yapılmıştır.
While cryptocurrencies increase their weight in our lives day by day, they are still the focus of discussions and criticisms. While those who use and support cryptocurrencies offer arguments such as low transaction fees, high transfer rates, not being affected by local policies because they are not under the control of a country or institution, on the one hand, cryptocurrencies provide trust with an incorruptible and decentralized program that is not capable of defrauding people in theory. Despite this view, there are opposing views due to reasons such as the perception of insecurity created by the decentralization of cryptocurrencies, the possibility of being a ponzi, the fact that it can be an anonymous transaction, mediating illegal activities such as money laundering, tax evasion, and having an inflationary effect. Due to the existence of these opposing views, within the scope of this study, it is aimed to give information about the crypto money ecosystem and its products, the structure of the blockchain networks, development stages, working principles, cryptocurrency initiatives from the past to the present and the 20 cryptocurrencies with the highest market value today. In addition, the approaches and legal regulations of various countries in the world on the use of cryptocurrencies were examined and a SWOT analysis was made in this context.
While cryptocurrencies increase their weight in our lives day by day, they are still the focus of discussions and criticisms. While those who use and support cryptocurrencies offer arguments such as low transaction fees, high transfer rates, not being affected by local policies because they are not under the control of a country or institution, on the one hand, cryptocurrencies provide trust with an incorruptible and decentralized program that is not capable of defrauding people in theory. Despite this view, there are opposing views due to reasons such as the perception of insecurity created by the decentralization of cryptocurrencies, the possibility of being a ponzi, the fact that it can be an anonymous transaction, mediating illegal activities such as money laundering, tax evasion, and having an inflationary effect. Due to the existence of these opposing views, within the scope of this study, it is aimed to give information about the crypto money ecosystem and its products, the structure of the blockchain networks, development stages, working principles, cryptocurrency initiatives from the past to the present and the 20 cryptocurrencies with the highest market value today. In addition, the approaches and legal regulations of various countries in the world on the use of cryptocurrencies were examined and a SWOT analysis was made in this context.