Publication: Toplantı ve gösteri yürüyüşleri kanunu kapsamındaki suçlar
Abstract
Toplantı ve gösteri yürüyüşleri özgürlüğü, genel bir tanım içerisinde, örgütlenmeden ifadeye birçok özgürlükle temas halinde bulunan, bireylerin ortak çıkarlarını korumasını, fikirlerini topluca beyan etmesini ve paylaşmasını sağlayan önemli bir özgürlüktür. Türkiye’deki tarihsel gelişime ve bugünkü duruma bakıldığında, toplantı ve gösteri yürüyüşleri özgürlüğünün genel olarak bireylerin haklarından ziyade devlet otoritesinin ihtiyaçlarına göre şekillendiği gerçeğiyle karşılaşılmaktadır. Osmanlı Devleti’nden bugüne kadar gelen tarihsel süreçte söz konusu özgürlüğün bazen sınırlandığı, bazense genişletildiği gözlenmektedir. Bugün de, idareye tanınan olağanüstü yetkiler, özgürlüğün kullanılmasının önündeki en büyük engeldir. Ceza Hukuku açısından toplantı ve gösteri yürüyüşleri özgürlüğü, üzerinde çok fazla çalışılmış bir alan değildir. Bu nedenle, söz konusu özgürlüğünün kavramsal anlamını, diğer özgürlüklerle ilişkisini, tarihsel gelişimini, sınırlarını, kapsamı içindeki suçları ve cezaları incelemek büyük önem arz etmektedir. Tezimizde, 2911 sayılı Toplantı ve Gösteri Yürüyüşleri Kanunu kapsamındaki suçlar, yürürlükten kaldırılan 171 sayılı Kanun’daki düzenlemelere de değinilerek unsurlarıyla incelenmektedir. Ayrıca, konunun devamı açısından, Kanun’u yürürlülükten kaldırarak yerine geçirilmesi planlanan, Kanun’da birçok değişiklik öngören Toplantı ve Gösteri Yürüyüşleri ile Basın Açıklamaları Hakkında Kanun Tasarısı Taslağı da ele alınmaktadır.
Freedom of assembly and the right to protest, in their broadest sense, are closely related with several other rights including that of expression, and enable the individuals to protect their collective interests, and share and express their ideas collectively. Considering the historical process and current situation in Turkey, it becomes obvious that the freedom of assembly and the right to protest have been shaped by the requirements of the state authority rather than the rights of individuals. Looking the historical process from the Ottoman period onwards, it is observed that these rights have been restricted or stretched at different moments. As for today, the extraordinary authority given to the public admistration is the major obstacle handicapping the enforcement of the rights. Studies on the freedom of assembly and the right to protest, in accordance with the Penal Law, are not prevalent. Henceforth, it becomes crucial to study these rights, with reference to their conceptual meaning, interrelationship with other rights, historical development and limits as well as the crimes and penalties included in them. In evaluating the regulations in the Law no. 171, which is abrogated, as well, this master’s thesis examines the crimes included in the Law of Freedom of Assembly and Right to Protest, no. 2911. Furthermore, taking the continuity of the process into account, it ascertains the drafts of the Law of Freedom of Assembly and Right to Protest, and the Law on the Press Statements, which envisage several amendments in the law in force and prescribed to replace it.
Freedom of assembly and the right to protest, in their broadest sense, are closely related with several other rights including that of expression, and enable the individuals to protect their collective interests, and share and express their ideas collectively. Considering the historical process and current situation in Turkey, it becomes obvious that the freedom of assembly and the right to protest have been shaped by the requirements of the state authority rather than the rights of individuals. Looking the historical process from the Ottoman period onwards, it is observed that these rights have been restricted or stretched at different moments. As for today, the extraordinary authority given to the public admistration is the major obstacle handicapping the enforcement of the rights. Studies on the freedom of assembly and the right to protest, in accordance with the Penal Law, are not prevalent. Henceforth, it becomes crucial to study these rights, with reference to their conceptual meaning, interrelationship with other rights, historical development and limits as well as the crimes and penalties included in them. In evaluating the regulations in the Law no. 171, which is abrogated, as well, this master’s thesis examines the crimes included in the Law of Freedom of Assembly and Right to Protest, no. 2911. Furthermore, taking the continuity of the process into account, it ascertains the drafts of the Law of Freedom of Assembly and Right to Protest, and the Law on the Press Statements, which envisage several amendments in the law in force and prescribed to replace it.