Publication: Karayolları motorlu araçlar zorunlu mali sorumluluk sigortası uygulamaları ışığında hasar analizi
Abstract
Sosyal, ekonomik ve fiziksel riskler ile karşı karşıyayız. Belirsizlikten doğan kayıpları azaltmak için insanlar çeşitli yollar aramışlar ve bu amaçla risk yönetim metodları geliştirmişlerdir. En temel risk yönetim metodu sigortadır. Hızla gelişen ve günden güne karmaşıklaşan günümüz ekonomik, sosyal ve politik koşullarında risk yönetimi daha da çok önem kazanmış, sigortaya duyulan ihtiyaç da hızla artmıştır. Ülkemizde eğitim düzeyi ve ekonomi ile paralel olarak sigorta bilinci topluma tam olarak yerleşmemiş ve dolayısıyla sigortacılık sektörü olması gereken düzeyde gelişememiştir. Bugün gelişmiş ülkelerde sigortacılığın Gayri Safi Milli Hasılaya (GSMH) katkısı % 8-10 arasındayken, ülkemizde bu oran % 2,7 civarında kalmaktadır. Sigorta bilincinin oturmamış olması, mevzuat eksikliği, sigorta eğitimine gereken önemin verilmemesi ve bireylerin ekonomik güçleri ile orantılı olarak sigorta sektörü ülkemizde diğer ülkelere kıyasla çok daha az gelişmesine rağmen sigorta sektörümüz hızlı bir büyüme göstermektedir. Sigorta prim üretiminin % 50’ye yakın kısmını oluşturan motorlu taşıt sigortalarında sigorta sektörü yıllardır zarar etmektedir. Hasar maliyetlerinin gereğinden çok olmasının başlıca nedenleri kaza tespit tutanağının sürücüler tarafından tanzim edilmeye başlanmasıyla sahte hasarların artması, hasarsızlık indirimlerinin sağlıklı uygulanamaması, hasar frekansı düşük ve yüksek sigortalının ayırt edilememesi, poliçe primlerinin hasar maliyetlerine göre belirlenmemiş olması, fiyatlandırmada risk analizi yapılmadan portföyden pay alma kaygısının ön plana çıkması, araç yedek parçalarının kalite ve fiyat açısından farklılık göstermesi ve fiyatlarının enflasyon ile döviz kurlarının üzerinde artması, pert total araçların illegal yollar ile sisteme geri dönmesi, lüks araçların sahte ve kaçak evraklarla yurt dışına kolay çıkması ve kolay alıcı bulmasından dolayı araç çalınma olaylarının artmasındandır 1 Temmuz 2008’ den itibaren Trafik Sigortalarında sigorta şirketlerinin fiyatları kendilerinin belirlemeye başlamasıyla birlikte fiyata dayalı rekabetten dolayı sektörün zararı günden güne artmıştır. Poliçe primlerinin hasar maliyetlerine gore belirlenmemiş olması en büyük sorundur. Genellikle fiyatlandırmada risk analizi yapılmadan portföyden pay alma kaygısı ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu yüksek lisans tezinde sigorta sektörü temel kavramlarıyla ilgili verilmiş, motorlu taşıt sigortaları incelenmiştir. Ülkemizde trafik sigortalarının durumu, trafik kazaları, Hasar/ Prim oranları, yaşanan kayıpların ve teknik zararlar ile kapatılan yılların nedenleri ele alınarak sorunlar için genel çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. gorta, Motorlu Araçlara İlişkin Sigortalar, Karayolları Motorlu Araçlar Zorunlu Mali Sorumluluk Sigortası, Hasar, Trafik Sigortası Hasar/ Prim Oranları
We are facing social, economic and physical risks. People have searched for various ways to decrease losses arising from uncertainty and therefore developed risk management methods. The fundamental risk management method is insurance. The importance of risk management has increased due to today’s fast developing and complicated economic, social and political conditions. In addition, the need for insurance has risen fast. As a result of the level of education and economy in our country, the awareness for insurance has not been much adopted and therefore the insurance industry has not developed as expected. In developed countries, the rate of insurance to Gross National Product is between %8-%10, whereas in our country this rate is approximately %2.7. Despite the insurance industry is less developed compared to other countries because of the lack of awareness for insurance, legislation, insurance education and individuals’ economic power, it is growing fast. The insurance industry has been making losses on motor insurance, which comprises 50 % of insurance premium production. The costs of loss are more than expected because of the increase in fake losses arising form accident confirmation forms filled in by drivers, inability to differentiate between low and high loss frequency insured and apply no claim bonuses, lack of determination of policy premiums according to costs of loss, anxiety to earn a share in portfolios without making a risk analysis in pricing, differences in motor replacement parts in terms of price and quality as well as the increase in their prices above the inflation and exchange rates, return of damaged cars to the system by illegal ways, exit of luxury cars overseas with fake and illegal documents and the rise in the event of car robberies due to buyer demand. The loss of the insurance industry has risen from day to day because of the price based competition which enables insurance companies to determine prices on their own in traffic insurance starting from 1 July 2008. The biggest problem is the lack of determination of policy premiums according to costs of losses. In general, the anxiety to earn a share in a portfolio is evident without making a risk analysis in pricing. In this master’s thesis, general information on the basic concepts of insurance industry is given and motor insurance is analyzed. The situation of traffic insurance, traffic accidents, loss/ premium rates, incurring losses and compensating years with technical losses are discussed. Furthermore, general solutions are provided for problems. Insurance, Motor Insurance, Road Motor Obligatory Liability Insurance, Loss, Traffic Insurance Loss/ Premium Rates
We are facing social, economic and physical risks. People have searched for various ways to decrease losses arising from uncertainty and therefore developed risk management methods. The fundamental risk management method is insurance. The importance of risk management has increased due to today’s fast developing and complicated economic, social and political conditions. In addition, the need for insurance has risen fast. As a result of the level of education and economy in our country, the awareness for insurance has not been much adopted and therefore the insurance industry has not developed as expected. In developed countries, the rate of insurance to Gross National Product is between %8-%10, whereas in our country this rate is approximately %2.7. Despite the insurance industry is less developed compared to other countries because of the lack of awareness for insurance, legislation, insurance education and individuals’ economic power, it is growing fast. The insurance industry has been making losses on motor insurance, which comprises 50 % of insurance premium production. The costs of loss are more than expected because of the increase in fake losses arising form accident confirmation forms filled in by drivers, inability to differentiate between low and high loss frequency insured and apply no claim bonuses, lack of determination of policy premiums according to costs of loss, anxiety to earn a share in portfolios without making a risk analysis in pricing, differences in motor replacement parts in terms of price and quality as well as the increase in their prices above the inflation and exchange rates, return of damaged cars to the system by illegal ways, exit of luxury cars overseas with fake and illegal documents and the rise in the event of car robberies due to buyer demand. The loss of the insurance industry has risen from day to day because of the price based competition which enables insurance companies to determine prices on their own in traffic insurance starting from 1 July 2008. The biggest problem is the lack of determination of policy premiums according to costs of losses. In general, the anxiety to earn a share in a portfolio is evident without making a risk analysis in pricing. In this master’s thesis, general information on the basic concepts of insurance industry is given and motor insurance is analyzed. The situation of traffic insurance, traffic accidents, loss/ premium rates, incurring losses and compensating years with technical losses are discussed. Furthermore, general solutions are provided for problems. Insurance, Motor Insurance, Road Motor Obligatory Liability Insurance, Loss, Traffic Insurance Loss/ Premium Rates