Publication: Tutunamayanlar romanının metinlerarasılık bağlamında Ulysses, Bozkırkurdu, Solgun Ateş ve Sebastian Knight’ın Gerçek Yaşamı romanlarıyla biçimsel ilişkisi
Abstract
Bu çalışma Tutunamayanlar romanının; Ulysses (1922), Bozkırkurdu (Der Steppenwolf, 1927), Solgun Ateş (Pale Fire, 1962) ve Sebastian Knight’ın Gerçek Yaşamı (The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, 1941) adlı eserlerle biçimsel ilişkisini modernist ve postmodern romanın teknik unsurları bağlamında, metinlerarasılık kuramı çerçevesinde, mukayeseli inceleme metoduyla ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Oğuz Atay’ın edebiyatımız için çeşitli açılardan ilklerden sayılabilecek romanı; kaynak/ verici metin konumundaki Ulysses’teki gibi absürd tiyatro, ilmihal kalıbı ve özetleme, mektup, monolog tekniklerinin kullanılması; Bozkırkurdu’na benzer şekilde bireyin yabanıl benliklerinin hayvansı özellikleriyle betimlenerek biçimsel oyunlarla dışa vurulması vb. yönlerden modernist yansımalar taşır. Tutunamayanlar’ın postmodernist unsurları ise yine biçim kıstası doğrultusunda, bahsi geçen diğer dört romanla alıntı ve gönderge, gizli alıntı, parodi yöntemleri ve üstkurmaca tekniği yönünden ilişkilendirilerek ele alınmıştır. Yazar, modern dünyanın kaosunu farklı teknikler ve üsluplarla yansıtır. Biçim unsurlarının nasıl kullanıldığı, benzer biçimsel ve kurgusal yapıyı kullanan yazarlarla hangi hususlarda farklılaştığı soruları romanın özgün yönünü de ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, Tutunamayanlar yalnız hacmi itibariyle değil, barındırdığı teknikler ve biçime sızan özgün içerik açısından Türk edebiyatına getirdiği yeniliklerle hayli yekûn tutmaktadır. Atay, zikrettiğimiz örnekler dışında, edebiyatımızın çoğunlukla konu/ içerik düzlemine hapsettiği modernist fikirleri biçim estetiğine uyarlayabilmiştir. Metinlerarasılık, Üstkurmaca, Biçim, Modernist, Postmodern, Tutunamayanlar, Ulysses, Bozkırkurdu, Solgun Ateş, Sebastian Knight’ın Gerçek Yaşamı.
This thesis aims to reveal the formal relation of The Disconnected to Ulysses, Steppenwolf, Pale Fire and The Real Life of Sebastian Knight. The relation between these novels has been examined in the context of the techniques of modernist and postmodern novel, in line with the theory of intertextuality and with a comparative method. The Disconnected, which can be regarded as a pioneer for Turkish literature in various aspects, has modernist features in terms of the use of theatre of the absurd, summarising, letter and monologue techniques as in Ulysses. In addition, similar to Steppenwolf, which is also a modernist novel, alienation is described by the animalistic features of the individual and is reflected in formal games. The postmodernist elements of The Disconnected, on the other hand, are discussed in relation to the other four novels in terms of citation and reference, plagiat, parody methods and metafiction technique. The author reflects chaos of the modern world with different techniques and styles. The questions of how the elements of form are used and in what ways they differ from the authors who use the same fictional structure have revealed the original aspect of the novel. As a result, The Disconnected plays an avant-garde role in our literature, not only in terms of its volume but also in the techniques it embodies and the original theme added to the form. Apart from some exceptional names that we have mentioned in the following pages, Atay was able to adapt the modernist ideas, which our literature mostly confined to the subject dimension to the aesthetics of form. Key Words: Intertextuality, Metafiction, Form, Modernist, Postmodern, The Disconnected, Ulysses, Steppenwolf, Pale Fire, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight.
This thesis aims to reveal the formal relation of The Disconnected to Ulysses, Steppenwolf, Pale Fire and The Real Life of Sebastian Knight. The relation between these novels has been examined in the context of the techniques of modernist and postmodern novel, in line with the theory of intertextuality and with a comparative method. The Disconnected, which can be regarded as a pioneer for Turkish literature in various aspects, has modernist features in terms of the use of theatre of the absurd, summarising, letter and monologue techniques as in Ulysses. In addition, similar to Steppenwolf, which is also a modernist novel, alienation is described by the animalistic features of the individual and is reflected in formal games. The postmodernist elements of The Disconnected, on the other hand, are discussed in relation to the other four novels in terms of citation and reference, plagiat, parody methods and metafiction technique. The author reflects chaos of the modern world with different techniques and styles. The questions of how the elements of form are used and in what ways they differ from the authors who use the same fictional structure have revealed the original aspect of the novel. As a result, The Disconnected plays an avant-garde role in our literature, not only in terms of its volume but also in the techniques it embodies and the original theme added to the form. Apart from some exceptional names that we have mentioned in the following pages, Atay was able to adapt the modernist ideas, which our literature mostly confined to the subject dimension to the aesthetics of form. Key Words: Intertextuality, Metafiction, Form, Modernist, Postmodern, The Disconnected, Ulysses, Steppenwolf, Pale Fire, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight.
Description
Keywords
Biçim, Bozkırkurdu, Form, History and criticism, Intertextuality, Metafiction, Metinlerarasılık, Modernist, Pale Fire, Postmodern, Sebastian Knight’ın Gerçek Yaşamı, Solgun Ateş, Steppenwolf, Tarih ve eleştiri, The Disconnected, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, Turkish Language and Literature, Turkish literature, Tutunamayanlar, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Türk edebiyatı, Ulysses, Üstkurmaca
