Publication: Türkiye’de üniversitelere ait radyoların program yapısı, tür ve içerikleri
Abstract
“Sanayi Devrimi” sürecinde ve sonrasında yaşanan teknolojik, ekonomik, kültürel değişimler, toplumsal değişimleri ve yeni bir dünya düzenini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu değişimler ulus ötesi ilişkilerin arttığı, liberal ekonomilerin ön plana çıktığı hızlı bir küreselleşme sürecinin yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Mc Luhan’ın “Evrensel Köy” olarak öngördüğü küreselleşme sürecinde serbest piyasa ekonomisi ve kar düşüncesi ön plana çıkmış, ulus ötesi ekonomiler ve toplumsal yapılar oluşmuştur. Bu yeni dünya düzeninde ulusların güçlü ve aktif olması bilgiyi üretebilme, yayabilme becerilerine ve bilgi toplumunu oluşturabilmelerine bağlıdır. Yeni bilgilere ulaşmak, geliştirmek ve topluma yayarak kullanımını sağlamak, bilgi toplumu için gerekli koşullardır. Bilgiyi üretecek, geliştirecek, yayacak ve bilgi toplumu oluşumunda görev alacak eğitim kurumlarından biri de üniversitelerdir. Üniversiteler kurumları içine ve bulundukları şehrin halkına kitle iletişim araçlarını kullanarak bilgiyi ulaştırıp, yayabilirler. Ayrıca bilgi toplumu oluşumuna katkı sağlarken yerel özellikleri de koruyup, geliştirebilirler. Üniversiteler bu işlevi yerine getirirken “toplumsal sorumluluk yaklaşımı” ve “kamu hizmeti yayıncılığı” anlayışı ile yayın politikalarını belirlemeli, bunlara uygun programlar hazırlamalıdırlar. Radyo özelliklerinden dolayı amaçlanan bu yayıncılık anlayışına uygun bir kitle iletişim aracıdır. Bu nedenle üniversiteler yayıncılık yapmak için öncelikle radyoyu tercih edebilirler. Çalışmanın kuramsal bölümlerinde; bilgi toplumu, üniversitelerin bilgi toplumundaki yeri ve işlevleri, kitle iletişim araçlarının işlevleri, kamu hizmeti yayıncılığı, alternatif yayıncılık, üniversite radyoları ve radyo program türleri gibi konular üzerinde durulmuştur. Uygulama bölümünde; Türkiye’de üniversitelere ait radyoların program türleri ve içerikleri hakkında bilgi toplamak amacı ile sormaca hazırlanmış, yayın yapan üniversite radyolarına uygulanmış ve alınan sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise, belirtilen amaçlar doğrultusunda yayın yapacak bir üniversite radyosunda yer alabilecek programlara ilişkin model önerilmiştir.
Technological, economic and cultural changes been witnessed before and after the process of “Industrial Revolution” have accompanied not only the social changes but a new understanding of world order as well. These changes have resulted a rapid appreciation of globalization period in which nation beyond relationships have increased and the liberal economies have become forefront. In the globalization process, presupposed as “Universal Village” by Mc Luhan, the liberal market economy and benefit thought have foregrounded, and nation beyond economies and structures have formed. In such a new world order, the fact that the nations are active and powerful depends upon their ability of generating and spreading information, and forming an information society to attain new information, improve them and make use of it by spreading it to society. Universities are one of the educational institutions that would generate, improve and spread information, and can have a mission on forming the information society. Universities are able to deliver and spread information to their institutions and the community of their town by utilizing mass communication tools. Radios may well preserve and improve local characteristics while they are providing contribution to the formation of information society. When universities fulfill such functions, they should determine their broadcasting policies in accordance with the understanding of “social responsibility” and “public service broadcasting” and they should produce programmes appropriate to these approaches. Radio is a mass communication mean the establishment and operation of which are economic, and suitable to the understanding of broadcasting owing to their distinctive characteristics. Universities can both contribute to the formation of information society and help to the protection of local identities and cultures by producing radio programmes accepting public service broadcasting and providing ground to the democratic participation. Radio, because of many peculiarities, is a mass media tool appropriate to the aimed broadcasting understanding. For this reason, universities may primarily prefer the radio for broadcasting. In the theoretical parts of the study, information society, the place and functions of the universities in the information society, the functions of the mass communication tools, public service broadcasting, alternative broadcasting, university radios and the types of radio programmes have been studied. In the application part, a questionnaire was designed to collect data about the program types and coverage of university radios and the questionnaire was given and the results were studied. As for the final part of the study, a model regarding programmes that can be assembled in a university radio has been suggested with respect to the determined objectives.
Technological, economic and cultural changes been witnessed before and after the process of “Industrial Revolution” have accompanied not only the social changes but a new understanding of world order as well. These changes have resulted a rapid appreciation of globalization period in which nation beyond relationships have increased and the liberal economies have become forefront. In the globalization process, presupposed as “Universal Village” by Mc Luhan, the liberal market economy and benefit thought have foregrounded, and nation beyond economies and structures have formed. In such a new world order, the fact that the nations are active and powerful depends upon their ability of generating and spreading information, and forming an information society to attain new information, improve them and make use of it by spreading it to society. Universities are one of the educational institutions that would generate, improve and spread information, and can have a mission on forming the information society. Universities are able to deliver and spread information to their institutions and the community of their town by utilizing mass communication tools. Radios may well preserve and improve local characteristics while they are providing contribution to the formation of information society. When universities fulfill such functions, they should determine their broadcasting policies in accordance with the understanding of “social responsibility” and “public service broadcasting” and they should produce programmes appropriate to these approaches. Radio is a mass communication mean the establishment and operation of which are economic, and suitable to the understanding of broadcasting owing to their distinctive characteristics. Universities can both contribute to the formation of information society and help to the protection of local identities and cultures by producing radio programmes accepting public service broadcasting and providing ground to the democratic participation. Radio, because of many peculiarities, is a mass media tool appropriate to the aimed broadcasting understanding. For this reason, universities may primarily prefer the radio for broadcasting. In the theoretical parts of the study, information society, the place and functions of the universities in the information society, the functions of the mass communication tools, public service broadcasting, alternative broadcasting, university radios and the types of radio programmes have been studied. In the application part, a questionnaire was designed to collect data about the program types and coverage of university radios and the questionnaire was given and the results were studied. As for the final part of the study, a model regarding programmes that can be assembled in a university radio has been suggested with respect to the determined objectives.