Publication: Abdülvehhâb eş-Şa‘rânî’nin (ö. 973/ 1565) bakış açısıyla XVI. asırda Mısır’da tasavvuf
Abstract
Abdülvehhâb eş-Şa‘rânî (ö. 973/ 1565), hicrî IX. asırda, Memlükler döneminin sonu ile Osmanlı hakimiyetinin yaklaşık ilk elli yılına şahitlik etmiş Mısırlı bir sûfî ve âlimdir. Şa‘rânî’nin, yaşadığı dönem itibariyle yönetim, ulemâ ve halk tarafından genel anlamda büyük bir ilgi ve teveccühe mazhar olması, yaşadığı dönemde Mısır’da tasavvufa ve sûfîlere karşı olumlu bir yaklaşımın sürdürüldüğünün önemli bir göstergesidir. Bu çalışma, Şa‘rânî’nin bakış açısını dikkate alarak onun yaşadığı dönemde Mısır’a hâkim olan tasavvuf anlayışını ve sûfîlere yönelik kanaatleri ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Söz konusu amaca matuf olmak üzere öncelikle Şa‘rânî’nin, yaşadığı dönemde Mısır’da etkileşim içerisinde bulunduğu sûfîler ve onların tasavvuf anlayışları incelenerek Şa‘rânî üzerindeki etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Ardından yine bu çerçevede Şa‘rânî’nin yaşadığı dönemde Mısır’da mevcut bulunan belli başlı tarikatlar ve tarikat aileleri ele alınmıştır. İkinci olarak Şa‘rânî’nin yaşadığı dönemde Mısır’a hâkim olan tasavvuf anlayışı anlamlandırılmaya çalışılırken Mısır’ın yönetiminde yaşanan Memlükler’den Osmanlılar’a geçiş sürecinin buradaki tasavvufî hayata ve sûfîlere, sûfîlerin yöneticiler ve ulemâ ile olan ilişkilerine yansımaları incelenmiştir. Son olarak geç Memlük ve erken Osmanlı döneminde Mısır’da tasavvufun gündemini teşkil eden ve tasavvuf uygulamalarıyla ilgili olan bazı meselelere dair Şa‘rânî ve onun tasavvuf anlayışında etkili olan diğer bazı isimlerin değerlendirmeleri analiz edilmiş ve aralarındaki irtibata dikkat çekilmiştir.
‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Sha‘rānī (d. 973/ 1565) was an Egyptian sufi and scholar who witnessed the end of the Mamluk period in the ninth century of the Hijra and the first fifty years of the Ottoman rule. The fact that Sha‘rānī was generally well-liked and respected by the government, the ulema, and the people during his lifetime is an important indication that a positive approach towards Sufism and sufis was continues in Egypt. This study aims to reveal the understanding of Sufism and the opinions about sufis that dominated Egypt during his time, taking into account Sha‘rānī’s perspective. In order to achieve this aim, firstly, the sufis with whom Sha‘rānī interacted in Egypt during his lifetime and their understanding of Sufism were examined to reval their influence on Sha‘rānī. Then, within this framework, the main Sufi orders and families that existing in Egypt during Sha‘rānī’s lifetime are discussed. Secondly, while attempting to understand the understanding of Sufism that dominated Egypt during Sha‘rānī’s lifetime, the reflections of the transition process from the Mamluks to the Ottomans in the administration of on the sufi life and sufis there and the relations of sufis with the rulers and the ulema were examined. Finally, the evaluations of Sha‘rānī and other figures who influenced in Sha‘rānī’s and his understanding of Sufism regarding certain issues that were on the agenda of Sufism in Egypt during the late Mamluk and early Ottoman periods and related to sufi practices are analyzed and attentions is drawn to the connection between them.
‘Abd al-Wahhāb al-Sha‘rānī (d. 973/ 1565) was an Egyptian sufi and scholar who witnessed the end of the Mamluk period in the ninth century of the Hijra and the first fifty years of the Ottoman rule. The fact that Sha‘rānī was generally well-liked and respected by the government, the ulema, and the people during his lifetime is an important indication that a positive approach towards Sufism and sufis was continues in Egypt. This study aims to reveal the understanding of Sufism and the opinions about sufis that dominated Egypt during his time, taking into account Sha‘rānī’s perspective. In order to achieve this aim, firstly, the sufis with whom Sha‘rānī interacted in Egypt during his lifetime and their understanding of Sufism were examined to reval their influence on Sha‘rānī. Then, within this framework, the main Sufi orders and families that existing in Egypt during Sha‘rānī’s lifetime are discussed. Secondly, while attempting to understand the understanding of Sufism that dominated Egypt during Sha‘rānī’s lifetime, the reflections of the transition process from the Mamluks to the Ottomans in the administration of on the sufi life and sufis there and the relations of sufis with the rulers and the ulema were examined. Finally, the evaluations of Sha‘rānī and other figures who influenced in Sha‘rānī’s and his understanding of Sufism regarding certain issues that were on the agenda of Sufism in Egypt during the late Mamluk and early Ottoman periods and related to sufi practices are analyzed and attentions is drawn to the connection between them.