Publication: Ebu’ l- berekat el- bağdadi’ de nefs teorisi
Abstract
TEZ ÖZETİ Ebu'l Berekât el-Bağdâdî'de Nefs Teorisi adlı bu çalışmamızda 12. yy. İslâm dünyasının ilim merkezi Bağdat'ta yaşamış ve bağımsız eleştirel düşüncesiyle tebârüz etmiş bir İslâm filozofu olan Ebu'l Berekât el-Bağdâdî'nin nefs anlayışını ortaya koymaya çalıştık. Çalışmamız giriş ve iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde kısaca Bağdâdî ve nefs konusunun İslâm felsefesindeki yerini, böyle bir konuyu seçişimizin nedenlerini ve araştırmamızda takip ettiğimiz metodu açıklamaya çalıştık. Birinci bölümde genel hatlarıyla Bağdâdî'nin hayatı, hocaları, talebeleri, eserleri, genel felsefesi ve ilim dünyasındaki tesirleri hakkında bilgiler verilmeye gayret edilmiştir. İkinci bölüm ise üç ana başlığa ayrılmış ve temelde Bağdâdî'nin Kitâbu'l-Mu'teber adlı eserine dayanarak nefs görüşü tahlil edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Burada Bağdâdî'nin nefsin varlığı ve tanımında beliren benlik şuuru ve bütünlüklü nefs anlayışı dolayısıyla İbn Sînâcı nefsî güçler teorisine eleştirisini incelemeye çalıştık. Aynı şekilde özellikle aklî idrâk noktasında geleneksel anlayışa yapmış olduğu köklü eleştirilerde beliren; doğrudan, âni, sezgisel, apaçık ve şuurî bilgiyi önceleyen metoduyla kendine özgü görüşlerini tespit etmeye ve son alarak da nefsin ölümden sonraki durumuyla ilgili dinî inanışla da örtüşen felsefî düşüncelerini serd etmeye çalıştık.
In this study, entitled Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdadi's Theory of Soul, I tried to explore how Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdadi, -a Muslim philosopher, who lived in 12th Century, in Baghdad -then an important center for learning in the Muslim world-, and who was distinguished as an independent-critical thinker- understood soul. This study includes an introduction and two chapters. I tried to, briefly, explain, in the introduction, the place of Baghdadi and the issue of soul in Islamic Philosophy, and attempted why I chose this topic, how I proceeded in dealing with the topic. First chapter is devoted, in general, Baghdadi's life, masters, students and works. I attempted to introduce Baghdadi's philosophy, and briefly state his influence in the Muslim world. The second chapter comprises three sections that analyze different aspects of Baghdadi's theory of soul based on his Kitab al-Mu'tabar. In this chapter/ section, I have tried to examine Baghdadi's position regarding the existence of soul, the consciousness of self as the result of definition of soul, and his criticism of Avicennan theory of powers of soul on the basis of his own conception of the integrity of soul. In a similar fashion I tried to identify his method that precedes immediate, instantaneous mystical conscious knowledge, his criticisms of the traditional understanding, and his own views. Finally I tried to state his views, which agree with religious beliefs, regarding the life of soul after death.
In this study, entitled Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdadi's Theory of Soul, I tried to explore how Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdadi, -a Muslim philosopher, who lived in 12th Century, in Baghdad -then an important center for learning in the Muslim world-, and who was distinguished as an independent-critical thinker- understood soul. This study includes an introduction and two chapters. I tried to, briefly, explain, in the introduction, the place of Baghdadi and the issue of soul in Islamic Philosophy, and attempted why I chose this topic, how I proceeded in dealing with the topic. First chapter is devoted, in general, Baghdadi's life, masters, students and works. I attempted to introduce Baghdadi's philosophy, and briefly state his influence in the Muslim world. The second chapter comprises three sections that analyze different aspects of Baghdadi's theory of soul based on his Kitab al-Mu'tabar. In this chapter/ section, I have tried to examine Baghdadi's position regarding the existence of soul, the consciousness of self as the result of definition of soul, and his criticism of Avicennan theory of powers of soul on the basis of his own conception of the integrity of soul. In a similar fashion I tried to identify his method that precedes immediate, instantaneous mystical conscious knowledge, his criticisms of the traditional understanding, and his own views. Finally I tried to state his views, which agree with religious beliefs, regarding the life of soul after death.