Publication: Sosyal yarar perspektifinden jeotermal kaynaklar : Türkiye-İtalya karşılaştırması
Abstract
İnsanoğlunun günümüzdeki en temel ihtiyaçlarından birisi enerjidir. Enerjiye erişim nedeniyle çok büyük savaşların yaşandığı insanlık tarihinde kullanılan enerji kaynaklarının çok büyük bölümünü fosil yakıtlar oluşturmaktadır. Diğer tarafta, fosil yakıtların aktarımlarının zorluğu ve çevreye verdikleri zararlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları önemli hale gelmektedir. Söz konusu yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından birisi de jeotermal enerjidir. Antik dönemlerden itibaren kullanılan jeotermal enerji günümüzde konut ısıtmasından elektrik üretimine kadar çok farklı alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Jeotermal enerjinin kullanımı noktasında ilk uygulamaların gerçekleştirildiği ve günümüzde de önemli jeotermal kaynak kullanıcılarından birisi İtalya`dır. Bu çalışmanın amacı İtalya ve Türkiye`nin jeotermal kaynak kullanımının özellikle sosyal yarar açısından karşılaştırılmasıdır. Türkiye jeotermal kaynakların kullanımına İtalya`dan çok daha geç başlamasına rağmen özellikle son 15 yıllık süreçteki yatırımlarla beraber jeotermal kaynakların kullanımında dünyanın en önemli ülkelerinden birisi haline gelmiş ve her yıl jeotermal kullanım oranlarını yükseltmiştir. Dahası, İtalya`da jeotermal kaynaklar ağırlıklı olarak elektrik üretimi için kullanılırken Türkiye`de tarım ve turizm gibi farklı alanlarda da kullanılmakta ve sosyal yarar açısından daha fazla kazanım oluşturulmaktadır.
Energy is one of the most fundamental needs of mankind in today`s world. There have been great wars in the world started in order to reach energy sources and great majority of energy used in the world is classified as fossil fuels. On the other hand, taking into account that fossil fuels are difficult to transfer and they are harmful for environment, renewable energy sources are becoming more and more important day by day. One of the renewable energy sources is geothermal energy. Geothermal energy, has been used since ancient times, is being used today for various areas from heating to electricity production. Italy is a country in which first modern geothermal facilities are built. Furthermore, Italy is also one of the most important geothermal energy users of the world. Aim of this study is to compare Italy and Turkey in terms of usage of geothermal energy especially taking social benefit into account. Turkey started using geothermal energy later than Italy, she has become one of the most significant users of geothermal energy in the world especially as a result of the applications and investments seen during the last 15 years. Moreover, there is a growing trend in Turkey about using geothermal energy sources. That is faster than Italy. Adding to that, geothermal energy is used in Italy mainly for producing electric. On the contrary, geothermal sources are used in Turkey for both electricity production and other targets such as tourism, agriculture etc. That situation can be interpreted as Turkey has a better performance in terms of social benefit.
Energy is one of the most fundamental needs of mankind in today`s world. There have been great wars in the world started in order to reach energy sources and great majority of energy used in the world is classified as fossil fuels. On the other hand, taking into account that fossil fuels are difficult to transfer and they are harmful for environment, renewable energy sources are becoming more and more important day by day. One of the renewable energy sources is geothermal energy. Geothermal energy, has been used since ancient times, is being used today for various areas from heating to electricity production. Italy is a country in which first modern geothermal facilities are built. Furthermore, Italy is also one of the most important geothermal energy users of the world. Aim of this study is to compare Italy and Turkey in terms of usage of geothermal energy especially taking social benefit into account. Turkey started using geothermal energy later than Italy, she has become one of the most significant users of geothermal energy in the world especially as a result of the applications and investments seen during the last 15 years. Moreover, there is a growing trend in Turkey about using geothermal energy sources. That is faster than Italy. Adding to that, geothermal energy is used in Italy mainly for producing electric. On the contrary, geothermal sources are used in Turkey for both electricity production and other targets such as tourism, agriculture etc. That situation can be interpreted as Turkey has a better performance in terms of social benefit.