Publication: Sekülerleşme ve dindarlık bağlamında Kürt milliyetçiliği
Abstract
ÖZETTezin amacı, tarihsel arka plana dayalı olarak Kürt milliyetçiliğinin son yıllarda yaşadığı dönüşümü “din”, “kimlik” ve “sekülerleşme” kavramları ekseninde odak grup ve derinlemesine mülakat yöntemiyle incelemektir. Modernleşmenin bir parçası olarak sekülerleşme, milliyetçi kimlik siyasetlerini her zaman doğrudan etkilemiş ve bu süreçte pek çok değişken etkili olmuştur. Ayrıca “hayali milliyetçi kimliğin” oluşturulması sürecinde din ve etnisite arasında önemli geçişkenlikler söz konusu olmuştur. Kürt milliyetçiliği, oluşum sürecinde özelliği bakımından seküler bir söyleme yaslanmış fakat zamanla seküler kimliği savunanların ötesinde bilhassa dindar Kürtler nezdinde de meşruiyet elde etmiştir. Dindar Kürtler sadece ulusal değerlere değil dinî ögelere de vurgu yapmış ve Kürtlerin tarihsel ve kültürel mirasının bir parçası olarak din meselesini önemsemiştir.Bu bağlamda tezin konusunu, “Din ve sekülerleşme bağlamında Kürt milliyetçiliği” teşkil etmektedir. “Dindar Kürtler ve sol-seküler Kürtler arasında Kürt milliyetçiliği anlamında nasıl bir fark söz konusudur?” “Sol-seküler Kürtler, dindar Kürtlere oranla daha mı fazla milliyetçiler?” “Dindar Kürtler arasında Kürt milliyetçiliği giderek belirginleşiyor mu?” gibi soruları merkeze alan tez, kavramsal çerçeve, tarihsel arka plan ve alan araştırması olmak üzere üç temel bölümden meydana gelmektedir. Tezin birinci bölümünde, çalışmanın kavramsal arka planı bağlamında milliyetçiliklerin ortaya çıkışı, kurumları ve genel özellikleri yanında sekülerizmle münasebeti ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın diğer bölümlerinde ise tarihsel/ siyasal çerçevede Kürt meselesinin Osmanlı’dan günümüze serencamı ve sekülerleşme süreci üzerinde durulmuştur. Kürt milliyetçiliğinin kategorileri olan dindar-Kürtler ve seküler-sol Kürtçülerin “sekülerleşme”, “kimlik”, “gelenek”, “modernite”, “kadın”, “gençlik” gibi kavramlar çerçevesinde Kürt meselesine bakışı incelenmiş ve bu bağlamda sekülerleşme süreciyle dindarlığın iç içe geçişi tartışılmıştır. Araştırma odak grup ve derinlemesine mülakat yöntemiyle gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları tema analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir.
ABSTRACTThe aim of this thesis is to examine the transformation of Kurdish nationalism in recent years, based on the historical background, with the focus group and indepth interview method in the axis of the concepts of ‘religion’, ‘identity’ and ‘secularization’. Secularization, as a part of modernization, has always had a direct impact on nationalist identity politics, and many variables have been influential in this process. In addition there were important transitions between religion and ethnicity in the process of creating an “imaginary nationalist identity.” Kurdish nationalism has relied on a secular discourse in terms of its feature in the process of formation, but has gained legitimacy beyond the advocates of secular identity, especially in the eyes of religious Kurds. Religious Kurds put emphasis not only on national values but also on religious elements and ignore the question of religion as part of the historical and cultural heritage of the Kurds. In this context, the subject of the thesis is “Kurdish nationalism in the context of religion and secularization.” “What difference is there between the religious Kurds and and the left-secular Kurds in terms of Kurdish nationalism?” “Are left-secular Kurds more nationalist than religious Kurds?” “Is Kurdish nationalism becoming more evident among religious Kurds?” The thesis consists of three basic sections, such asconceptual framework, historical background and field research. In the first part of the thesis, in the context of the conceptual background of the study, the emergence of nationalism, their institutions and their general characteristics, as well as their relationship with secularism will be explained. In other parts of this study, the historical and political context of the Kurdish issue from the Ottoman to the present and the process of secularization will be discussed. Kurdists, which are the categories of Kurdish nationalism, will be examined within the framework of concepts such as “secularization”, “identity”, “tradition”, “modernity”, “woman”, “youth” and the process of religiousness through secularization, the transition process will be disscused. The research was carried out by focus group and in-depth interview method. The findings of the research were analyzed by the theme analysis method.
ABSTRACTThe aim of this thesis is to examine the transformation of Kurdish nationalism in recent years, based on the historical background, with the focus group and indepth interview method in the axis of the concepts of ‘religion’, ‘identity’ and ‘secularization’. Secularization, as a part of modernization, has always had a direct impact on nationalist identity politics, and many variables have been influential in this process. In addition there were important transitions between religion and ethnicity in the process of creating an “imaginary nationalist identity.” Kurdish nationalism has relied on a secular discourse in terms of its feature in the process of formation, but has gained legitimacy beyond the advocates of secular identity, especially in the eyes of religious Kurds. Religious Kurds put emphasis not only on national values but also on religious elements and ignore the question of religion as part of the historical and cultural heritage of the Kurds. In this context, the subject of the thesis is “Kurdish nationalism in the context of religion and secularization.” “What difference is there between the religious Kurds and and the left-secular Kurds in terms of Kurdish nationalism?” “Are left-secular Kurds more nationalist than religious Kurds?” “Is Kurdish nationalism becoming more evident among religious Kurds?” The thesis consists of three basic sections, such asconceptual framework, historical background and field research. In the first part of the thesis, in the context of the conceptual background of the study, the emergence of nationalism, their institutions and their general characteristics, as well as their relationship with secularism will be explained. In other parts of this study, the historical and political context of the Kurdish issue from the Ottoman to the present and the process of secularization will be discussed. Kurdists, which are the categories of Kurdish nationalism, will be examined within the framework of concepts such as “secularization”, “identity”, “tradition”, “modernity”, “woman”, “youth” and the process of religiousness through secularization, the transition process will be disscused. The research was carried out by focus group and in-depth interview method. The findings of the research were analyzed by the theme analysis method.