Publication: Anarşik Safsatalar:
Bentham’ın Doğal Haklar Eleştirisi
Abstract
:
Doğal hakların, sivil toplumdan, hükümetlerin inşasından, pozitif hukuk veya konvansiyon?lardan önce var olduğuna inanılır ve ahlaki haklar başlığı altında yer alır. Hukuki haklardan farklı
olarak, tüm bireyler bunlara insan doğası gereğince ve eşit bir şekilde sahiptir. Ayrıca hükümetlerin,
herhangi bir istisna gözetmeksizin doğal haklara müdahaleden ve ihlalden kaçınması gerektiği, ko?ruma yükümlülüğüyle sınırlandığı da iddia edilmektedir. Doğal haklar kuramı Amerikan ve Fransız
bildirgelerinde asli rol oynar ve bolca övgüyle karşılanırken, etkileyici bir düşünür olan Jeremy Bent?ham, etkileyici bir saldırıda bulunur. Doğal haklara olduğu gibi apaçık doğrulara veya insanların tam
eşitliğine de karşı çıkar. Eleştirileri, doğal hakları ‘cambaz ayaklığı üstündeki saçmalık’ diye tanımla?dığı ve ‘kamu barışının düşmanları’ olarak gördüğü ünlü makalesinde, Anarşik Safsatalar’da yer alır.
Natural rights are believed to exist anterior to civil society, establishment of governments, positive law, or conventions; and fall under the general heading of moral rights. As distinct from legal ones, all individuals grant them equally, just because of their human nature. It is also maintained that governments should refrain from interfering and violating natural rights and are limited with the aim of protecting them, without exception. While natural rights theory played an essential role in American and French declarations and their founders received abundant praise, an influential attack came from an influential philosopher, Jeremy Bentham. He opposed to the idea of natural rights as well as self evident truths or perfect equality amongst people. His criticism took place mainly in a well-known article, Anarchical Fallacies in which he defined natural rights as ‘nonsense upon stilts’ and perceived as ‘the enemies of public peace’.
Natural rights are believed to exist anterior to civil society, establishment of governments, positive law, or conventions; and fall under the general heading of moral rights. As distinct from legal ones, all individuals grant them equally, just because of their human nature. It is also maintained that governments should refrain from interfering and violating natural rights and are limited with the aim of protecting them, without exception. While natural rights theory played an essential role in American and French declarations and their founders received abundant praise, an influential attack came from an influential philosopher, Jeremy Bentham. He opposed to the idea of natural rights as well as self evident truths or perfect equality amongst people. His criticism took place mainly in a well-known article, Anarchical Fallacies in which he defined natural rights as ‘nonsense upon stilts’ and perceived as ‘the enemies of public peace’.
