Publication: Türk televizyon yayıncılığında çok kanallı dönem : yeni anlatılar, yeni anlayışlar
Abstract
Kamu hizmeti yayıncılığı misyonuyla 1964 yılında TRT kanunuyla kurulan devlet televizyonu TRT, tek yayın kuruluşu olduğu dönemde; bir kamu televizyonu olmasının da getirdiği etkiyle doğru orantılı olarak, kural ve sınırların hakim olduğu, eğitici ve yönlendirici olma düsturuyla oluşturulmuş, tek sesli bir yayın politikasını devreye sokmuştur. 1990’lı yılların başı ise, Türkiye’de televizyon yayıncılığının gelişimi adına önemli bir kırılma noktasını işaret etmektedir; zira, ilk ticari televizyon kanalı Magic Box Star 1’in 1990 yılında yayın hayatına başlamasıyla yayıncılık bambaşka bir boyut kazanmıştır. Birbiri ardına kurulan ticari televizyon kanalları, televizyon yayıncılığına serbestiyi getirmiş; yayın anlayışına postmodern unsurlar hakim olmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de çok kanallı, ticari televizyon yayıncılığının başlamasıyla, televizyon anlatı yapısının nasıl postmodern bir nitelik kazandığını ele almaktadır. Birinci kısımda, postmodern perspektifin temel karakteristiklerinin ve Lyotard’ın postmodern kuramlarının medya ve televizyon yayıncılığı için ne anlama geldiğinden söz edilmektedir. İkinci kısımda, ticari televizyon yayıncılığı ve reality show program türü postmodern bağlamda, kavramsal olarak açıklanmaktadır. Üçüncü kısımda, erken 2000’lere kadar gelen süreçte, Türkiye’de televizyon yayıncılığının tarihsel arka planına değinilmektedir. Dördüncü kısımda ise, metin analizi yöntemi ile; postmodern özellikleri bağlamında Biri Bizi Gözetliyor yarışmasının ilk sezonu analiz edilmektedir.
The state television TRT, which was established in 1964 with the TRT law with the mission of public service broadcasting, implemented a single-voice broadcasting policy, which was established with the principle of being educational and guiding, and where rules and boundaries were dominant, in direct proportion to the effect of being a public television, during the period when it was the only broadcasting organization. The beginning of the 1990s, on the other hand, marks an important turning point in terms of the development of television broadcasting in Turkey; because, with the start of broadcasting in 1990 of the first commercial television channel, Magic Box Star 1, broadcasting gained a completely different dimension. The commercial television channels established one after another brought freedom to television broadcasting; postmodern elements began to dominate the broadcasting approach. This study examines how the television narrative structure acquired a postmodern quality with the start of multi-channel commercial television broadcasting in Turkey. The first section discusses the basic characteristics of the postmodern perspective and what Lyotard’s postmodern theories mean for media and television broadcasting. In the second part, commercial television broadcasting and the reality show program genre are explained conceptually in a postmodern context. In the third part, the historical background of television broadcasting in Turkey until the early 2000s is discussed. In the fourth part, the first season of the competition Biri Bizi Gözetliyor is analyzed in the context of postmodern features with the text analysis method.
The state television TRT, which was established in 1964 with the TRT law with the mission of public service broadcasting, implemented a single-voice broadcasting policy, which was established with the principle of being educational and guiding, and where rules and boundaries were dominant, in direct proportion to the effect of being a public television, during the period when it was the only broadcasting organization. The beginning of the 1990s, on the other hand, marks an important turning point in terms of the development of television broadcasting in Turkey; because, with the start of broadcasting in 1990 of the first commercial television channel, Magic Box Star 1, broadcasting gained a completely different dimension. The commercial television channels established one after another brought freedom to television broadcasting; postmodern elements began to dominate the broadcasting approach. This study examines how the television narrative structure acquired a postmodern quality with the start of multi-channel commercial television broadcasting in Turkey. The first section discusses the basic characteristics of the postmodern perspective and what Lyotard’s postmodern theories mean for media and television broadcasting. In the second part, commercial television broadcasting and the reality show program genre are explained conceptually in a postmodern context. In the third part, the historical background of television broadcasting in Turkey until the early 2000s is discussed. In the fourth part, the first season of the competition Biri Bizi Gözetliyor is analyzed in the context of postmodern features with the text analysis method.