Publication: Şihâbüddîn Mercânî'nin ictihad ve taklide yaklaşımı
Abstract
İctihad, İslam hukukunun temel dinamiklerinden biridir. Fıkıh tarihinde ictihad ve onunla bağlantılı olarak taklidle ilgili pek çok mesele tartışılmıştır. Bu tezde, Kazanlı Hanefî bir alim olan Şihâbüddîn Mercânî’nin ictihad ve taklide yaklaşımı konu edilmiştir. Mercânî’nin tecdid yanlısı bir alim olarak görülmesi, Kazan tecdid hareketinin karakteristiğini göstermesi bakımından ictihad ve taklidle ilgili görüşlerinin bilinmesini önemli kılmıştır. Çalışma, giriş, üç bölüm ve sonuç kısımlarından oluşmaktadır. Giriş kısmında, çalışmanın konusu, amacı, kaynakları, yöntemi ve ilgili literatür ele alınmıştır. Birinci bölümde, görüşlerine zemin hazırlaması bakımından Mercânî’nin hayatı ve içerisinde yetiştiği ilmi çevre tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. İkinci bölümde, Mercânî’nin eserleri incelenerek ictihad, taklid ve bunlarla ilgili çeşitli meselelelere yaklaşımı araştırılmıştır. Bu bölümde, ictihad kapısının kapanıp kapanmadığı meselesi üzerinde durulmuş; Mercânî’nin ictihad kapısının kapanmadığını ve taklide ancak ihtiyaç anında ihtiyaç miktarınca başvurulabileceğini vurguladığı tespit edilmiştir. Belirli bir mezhebi taklid etmeyi vacip görmemesine rağmen mukallidin bir müctehidi taklid etmesini zorunlu gördüğü ve intikale olumlu baktığı anlaşılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, Mercânî’nin ictihad ve taklidle ilgili görüşlerini yansıtan fıkhî meseleler ele alınarak, ictihad ve taklide yaklaşımının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Farklı mezheplerden yararlanmaya olumlu bakmakla birlikte Mercânî’nin, fıkhî meselelerde ekseriyetle Hanefî mezhebinin muteber kitaplarına başvurduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Ijtihad (judicial opinion) is one the most fundamental dynamics of Islamic Law. In the history of Islamic Law, many issues in regards to ijtihad and taqlid (imitation) were discussed. In this thesis, Shihabuddin Marjani’s (a Hanafi scholar from Kazan) approach to ijtihad and taqlid is examined. It is of importance to know Marjani’s opinions on ijtihad and taqlid since these opinions reflect the characteristics of tajdid movement in Kazan as Marjani is considered a pro-tajdid (renewal) scholar. This study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. In introduction, we discussed subject, objective, resources, method and related literature of the study. In chapter one, we introduced Marjani’s life and the educational environment as it constitutes the basis for his opinions. In chapter two, we studied Marjani’s approach to ijtihad, taqlid and various related issues by examining his works. In this chapter, we discussed the issue of whether the gate of ijtihad was closed or not and concluded that Marjani emphasized on that the gate of ijtihad was not closed and taqlid could only be resorted in times of need and in the amount of need. Although Marjani does not consider taqlid of a sect as obligatory, he is of the opinion that a muqallid (imitator) must imitate a mujtahid (an Islamic scholar who is qualified to perform ijtihad) and also leaned towards the applicability of transition between sects. In chapter three, we aimed to bring out Marjani’s approach to ijtihad and taqlid by analyzing issues of Islamic Law which reflect his opinions on ijtihad and taqlid. In addition to Marjani’s positive opinion on benefiting from different sects, it is seen that for the most part he referred to reliable books of Hanafi sect in issues of Islamic Law.
Ijtihad (judicial opinion) is one the most fundamental dynamics of Islamic Law. In the history of Islamic Law, many issues in regards to ijtihad and taqlid (imitation) were discussed. In this thesis, Shihabuddin Marjani’s (a Hanafi scholar from Kazan) approach to ijtihad and taqlid is examined. It is of importance to know Marjani’s opinions on ijtihad and taqlid since these opinions reflect the characteristics of tajdid movement in Kazan as Marjani is considered a pro-tajdid (renewal) scholar. This study consists of an introduction, three chapters and a conclusion. In introduction, we discussed subject, objective, resources, method and related literature of the study. In chapter one, we introduced Marjani’s life and the educational environment as it constitutes the basis for his opinions. In chapter two, we studied Marjani’s approach to ijtihad, taqlid and various related issues by examining his works. In this chapter, we discussed the issue of whether the gate of ijtihad was closed or not and concluded that Marjani emphasized on that the gate of ijtihad was not closed and taqlid could only be resorted in times of need and in the amount of need. Although Marjani does not consider taqlid of a sect as obligatory, he is of the opinion that a muqallid (imitator) must imitate a mujtahid (an Islamic scholar who is qualified to perform ijtihad) and also leaned towards the applicability of transition between sects. In chapter three, we aimed to bring out Marjani’s approach to ijtihad and taqlid by analyzing issues of Islamic Law which reflect his opinions on ijtihad and taqlid. In addition to Marjani’s positive opinion on benefiting from different sects, it is seen that for the most part he referred to reliable books of Hanafi sect in issues of Islamic Law.