Publication: Anayasanın yargıç tarafından doğrudan uygulanabilirliğinin yöntemsel aracı olarak bireysel başvuru yolu
Abstract
2010 yılından itibaren hukukumuza dahil olan Anayasa Mahkemesine Bireysel Başvuru Yolunun hukukun anayasallaşmasına olan katkısı bakımından hangi aşamada olduğunu tartışmaya çalıştık. Bireysel Başvuru Yolu ile “Anayasa” bir denetim aracı olmanın ötesine evrilmekte, her olayın çözümünde başvurulabilir normlar bütünü olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Anayasa yaşama tamamen dahil olmakta, hiç olmadığı kadar belirleyici duruma gelmektedir. Tam da bu nokta da çözülmesi gereken sorunlar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Şimdiye kadar kural koyma konusunda parlamentonun belirleyici olduğu bir sistemde, Anayasa somut olaylara nasıl uygulanacaktır? Yargıç yasanın “basit sözcüsü olma” rolünden sıyrılıp anayasanın uygulayıcısı haline gelebilecek midir? Bu tez çalışmamızda yukarıdaki soruların cevabını bulmaya çalıştık. Normlar Piramidinde yasaya ulaştıktan sonra genelde Anayasaya çıkacak merdiveni bulunmayan yargıç açısından bireysel başvuru yolunun ne gibi açılımları beraberinde getirdiğini/ getirebileceğini incelemek istedik. “Parlamento yasa yapar, yargı ve yürütme uygular” ya da “Anayasa soyut ve genel hükümler içerir, uygulanması için yasaya ihtiyacı vardır” ile ifade edilen kural ve alışkanlıkların değişime uğramasının kaçınılmazlığını ele almaya çalıştık. Bunu yapar iken Anayasa Mahkemesi Bireysel Başvuru Kararlarıyla değişimin nasıl gerçekleştiğini/ gerçekleşebileceğini, eski ile yeninin çatışma alanlarını tespit edip çözümler sunmak istedik. Elbette ki bir yüksek lisans tezini aşan boyutları bulunan konuyu tartışır iken bilgi ve tecrübe eksikliğimiz kaçınılmazdı. Bir başlangıç olsun istedik.
We tried to discuss the stage of Individual Application to the Constitutional Court, which has been included in our law since 2012, in terms of its contribution to the constitutionalization of law. With the Individual Application Way, the “Constitution” evolves beyond being a control tool and appears as a set of directly applicable norms. The constitution becomes involved in life and produces new binding sub-norms. At this point, problems that need to be solved may arise. How will the Constitution be applied to concrete events in a system where the parliament has been the absolute determinant of rule-making until now? Will the judge be able to step away from his role as “the mere spokesperson” of the law and become the enforcer of the constitution? In this thesis, we tried to find the answers to the above questions. In the Pyramid of Norms, we wanted to examine what kind of expansions the individual application remedy brings with it for the judge who does not have the ladder to reach the Constitution after reaching the law. We tried to deal with the inevitability of changing the habits expressed by “Parliament makes laws, judiciary and executive implements” or “Constitution contains abstract and general provisions, it needs law to be implemented”. While doing this, we wanted to identify how the change took place with the Individual Application Decisions of the Constitutional Court, the areas of conflict between the old and the new, and offer solutions. Of course, our lack of knowledge and experience was inevitable while we were discussing the subject, which has dimensions that go beyond a master’s thesis. We wanted it to be a start.
We tried to discuss the stage of Individual Application to the Constitutional Court, which has been included in our law since 2012, in terms of its contribution to the constitutionalization of law. With the Individual Application Way, the “Constitution” evolves beyond being a control tool and appears as a set of directly applicable norms. The constitution becomes involved in life and produces new binding sub-norms. At this point, problems that need to be solved may arise. How will the Constitution be applied to concrete events in a system where the parliament has been the absolute determinant of rule-making until now? Will the judge be able to step away from his role as “the mere spokesperson” of the law and become the enforcer of the constitution? In this thesis, we tried to find the answers to the above questions. In the Pyramid of Norms, we wanted to examine what kind of expansions the individual application remedy brings with it for the judge who does not have the ladder to reach the Constitution after reaching the law. We tried to deal with the inevitability of changing the habits expressed by “Parliament makes laws, judiciary and executive implements” or “Constitution contains abstract and general provisions, it needs law to be implemented”. While doing this, we wanted to identify how the change took place with the Individual Application Decisions of the Constitutional Court, the areas of conflict between the old and the new, and offer solutions. Of course, our lack of knowledge and experience was inevitable while we were discussing the subject, which has dimensions that go beyond a master’s thesis. We wanted it to be a start.