Publication: XVI. yüzyıl Osmanlı Müfessiri Sun’ullah Hâlidî’nin Fatiha ve İhlas tefsirlerinin tahkiki ve muhteva incelemesi
Abstract
Osmanlı Tefsir birikimi kimi zaman şerh-haşiye türü ürünlerin ötesine geçemediği kimi zaman da özgün eserlerin vücuda getirilmediği iddiası ile haksız eleştirilere maruz kalmaktadır. Bu tür eleştirilerin, Osmanlı’nın ilmi müktesebatını asgari düzeyde de olsa tanımamak, bilhassa Tefsir müellefatına yeterince vakıf olmamaktan ileri geldiği anlaşılmaktadır. Bu tür iddiaların hesabı verilmemiş ithamlardan öteye geçmediği ve Osmanlı kitabiyatına karşı toptancı bir yaklaşımı temsil ettiği izahtan varestedir. Dolayısıyla Osmanlı’nın ilim ve kültür havzalarında yetişen âlimlerin tanıtılması için ortaya koydukları eserlerin yayımlanması ve akademik çalışmalara konu edilmesi büyük bir ehemmiyet arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada Osmanlı dönemi müfessirlerinden Sun’ullah Hâlidî’nin Fâtiha ve İhlas sûresi tefsir risalelerinin tefsir disiplini çerçevesinde incelenmesi ve muhtevalarının değerlendirmesi konu edilmektedir. Söz konusu eserler bugüne kadar basılmadıkları için tenkitli neşirlerinin yapılarak araştırmacıların dikkatine ve istifadesine sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Neticede Osmanlı ulemasının Hz. Peygamber ve Raşid Halifelerden bu yana, diğer tüm ilmi alanlarda olduğu gibi tefsir disiplini açısından da büyük bir ilmi geleneğe varis olduğu; aldığı bu mirası tüketerek değil özgün katkılarla geliştirerek geleceğe taşıma vazifesi gördüğü ve bu hususiyetlerin küçük risalelerde bile bariz bir şekilde temaşa edileceği sonucuna ulaşılmaktadır.
The tradition of Quranic exegesis of the Ottoman period has been the subject of harsh criticism either because it had produced such works only in the form of commentary (sharh and khashiya) or the works without any original contribution to the field. It is seen that the source of such criticisms is not being familiar enough with the scientific tradition of Ottoman period in general and the lack of sufficient knowledge about the science of tafsir in particular. It is not necessary to respond to such claims since they are some unwarranted accusations and representations of the wholesale approach to the Ottoman scientific literature. Therefore, it is extremely important to publish and study scientifically the works produced by the scholars who lived and flourished in the scientific and cultural environment of the Ottoman world.In this study, the tafsir scholar of Ottoman period Sun’ullah Khalidi’s treatises of tafsir of al-Fatiha and al-Ikhlas are examined within the context of the science of tafsir and their content is evaluated accordingly. Since these treatises have not been published yet, the study also aims to bring them to the attention and the benefit of the scholars by providing their critical editions. This study concludes that besides all the other areas of sciences that the Ottomans inherited from the time of the prophet and the righteous caliphs onwards, they inherited a significant tradition of works in the science of tafsir as well. They did not consume what they inherited from the previous generations but transferred it to the next generations with original contributions, and the characteristics of these original contributions are still visible even in the small treatises examined in this study.
The tradition of Quranic exegesis of the Ottoman period has been the subject of harsh criticism either because it had produced such works only in the form of commentary (sharh and khashiya) or the works without any original contribution to the field. It is seen that the source of such criticisms is not being familiar enough with the scientific tradition of Ottoman period in general and the lack of sufficient knowledge about the science of tafsir in particular. It is not necessary to respond to such claims since they are some unwarranted accusations and representations of the wholesale approach to the Ottoman scientific literature. Therefore, it is extremely important to publish and study scientifically the works produced by the scholars who lived and flourished in the scientific and cultural environment of the Ottoman world.In this study, the tafsir scholar of Ottoman period Sun’ullah Khalidi’s treatises of tafsir of al-Fatiha and al-Ikhlas are examined within the context of the science of tafsir and their content is evaluated accordingly. Since these treatises have not been published yet, the study also aims to bring them to the attention and the benefit of the scholars by providing their critical editions. This study concludes that besides all the other areas of sciences that the Ottomans inherited from the time of the prophet and the righteous caliphs onwards, they inherited a significant tradition of works in the science of tafsir as well. They did not consume what they inherited from the previous generations but transferred it to the next generations with original contributions, and the characteristics of these original contributions are still visible even in the small treatises examined in this study.