Publication: Üniversitelerde bir eğitim yönetimi sorunu olarak öğretim elemanlarının maruz kaldığı informal cezalar: nitel bir araştırma
Abstract
ÜNİVERSİTELERDE BİR EĞİTİM YÖNETİMİ SORUNU OLARAK ÖĞRETİM ELEMANININ MARUZ KALDIĞI İNFORMAL CEZALAR: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA Bu çalışma ile öğretim elemanlarının maruz kaldığı informal cezaların araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada, Türkiye’deki üniversitelerde informal cezalara maruz kalan öğretim elemanları belirlenmiş ve on beş öğretim elemanı ile mülâkat yapılmıştır. Araştırma, nitel desende oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmamızda dış dünyanın realitesinden hareketle sosyal gerçeklerden biri olan iş ortamlarında öğretim elemanlarının maruz kaldığı informal cezalara ilişkin olgular belirlenmiştir. Nitel araştırma desenlerinden araştırmanın doğasına uygun olan ‘olgubilim (phenomenology) deseni’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada yapı bakımından ‘standartlaştırılmış açık uçlu mülâkat’ kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışma grubundaki deneklerden konuyla ilgili yaşadıklarını hikâye biçiminde anlatmaları istenmiştir. Hikâye biçimlerinden gerçekçi hikâye (realist tales) tekniği kullanılmıştır. Hikâyelerin analizinde, realist bakış açısı esas alınmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi türlerinden ‘kategorisel analiz’ ve ‘frekans analizi’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğretim elemanlarının çalıştıkları üniversitelerde mutsuz oldukları anlaşılmaktadır. Öğretim elemanlarına akademik yükseltmelerde kadro verilmemesi/ engellenmesi; yaptıkları bilimsel çalışmalara değer verilmemesi; yayınlarının yöneticiler tarafından olumsuz biçimde eleştirilmesi; akademik çalışma koşullarının kasıtlı olarak sunulmaması gibi davranışlar uygulanmaktadır. İnformal cezalar karşısında öğretim elemanları, en çok ‘görmezden gelme’ türünde tepki göstermektedir. Öğretim elemanlarının informal cezalara maruz kalmalarının nedenleriyle ilgili algıları; ‘örgüt kültürünün ve yönetim anlayışının otokratik/ baskıcı oluşu’ ayrıca ‘kişisel kıskançlıklar/ rekabet ve diğerinin yükselmesini engelleme isteği’ gibi durumlarla ilgilidir. Öğretim elemanlarının meslektaşları, en çok ‘yapılanları tasvip etmemekle birlikte destek olmaktan çekinme’ biçiminde tepki göstermiştir. İnformal cezaların mağdur üzerindeki etkileri; fiziksel sağlık, psikolojik durum sosyal yaşam, aile yaşamı ve akademik yaşam olmak üzere beş kategoride toplanmıştır. Öğretim elemanlarının hemen hepsi informal cezaların akademik çalışmalarını ciddî düzeyde sarstığını ifade etmiştir.
THE INFORMAL PUNISHMENTS, TO WHICH THE ACADEMIC STAFF IS SUBJECTED, AS AN EDUCATION MANAGEMENT PROBLEM IN UNIVERSITIES: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH It is aimed to research the informal punishments to which the academic staff in universities is subjected in this research. Thus, the academic staff who were subjected to an informal punishment were assigned in universities in Turkey and 15 of them were interviewed. The research was formed in a qualitative motive. The phenomena about the informal punishments to which academic staff subjected in profession environment as a social reality are assigned concerning about outer world reality in the research. Phenomenology, which is appropriate for qualitative research motives, has been applied in t research. In terms of structure, standardized open-ended interview is applied. Moreover, test subjects are asked to narrate their experiments as stories. Among the tale types, the realistic tale technique has been assigned. In terms of tale analysis, realistic scope has been adopted. According to research, it is observed that the academic staff are not content with the universities they study for. They are subjected to some treatments such as being neglected in academic promotions, not being appriciated for their scienctific studies, being critizised negatively by their managers for their publications and being compelled to very limited academic circumtances by management delibrately. The academic staff usually react against informal punishments by means of “neglection”. They think that the reasons of such punishments are: the autocratic structure of management and lack of orginizatinal culture and furthermore individual envies/ rivalries and desire to block one another’s promotion. The colleagues of informal punishment victims react by means of not approving the treatment but nonetheless hesitating to support victims. The negative effects of informal punishmnet on academic staff can be summed up in five categories: the effects on their phsyical health, psychological health, their social life, family life and professional life. Each of the test subjects conveyed that informal punishment appalled his/ her academic studies dramatically to some extent. In the research it is proposed that managers should try to get acquainted with inferiors, the informal punishment phenomenon should be noticed as soon as possible and precuations should be identified in order to prevent it, conflict and concilation centers should be established in universities and the universities should adopt the mentor system.
THE INFORMAL PUNISHMENTS, TO WHICH THE ACADEMIC STAFF IS SUBJECTED, AS AN EDUCATION MANAGEMENT PROBLEM IN UNIVERSITIES: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH It is aimed to research the informal punishments to which the academic staff in universities is subjected in this research. Thus, the academic staff who were subjected to an informal punishment were assigned in universities in Turkey and 15 of them were interviewed. The research was formed in a qualitative motive. The phenomena about the informal punishments to which academic staff subjected in profession environment as a social reality are assigned concerning about outer world reality in the research. Phenomenology, which is appropriate for qualitative research motives, has been applied in t research. In terms of structure, standardized open-ended interview is applied. Moreover, test subjects are asked to narrate their experiments as stories. Among the tale types, the realistic tale technique has been assigned. In terms of tale analysis, realistic scope has been adopted. According to research, it is observed that the academic staff are not content with the universities they study for. They are subjected to some treatments such as being neglected in academic promotions, not being appriciated for their scienctific studies, being critizised negatively by their managers for their publications and being compelled to very limited academic circumtances by management delibrately. The academic staff usually react against informal punishments by means of “neglection”. They think that the reasons of such punishments are: the autocratic structure of management and lack of orginizatinal culture and furthermore individual envies/ rivalries and desire to block one another’s promotion. The colleagues of informal punishment victims react by means of not approving the treatment but nonetheless hesitating to support victims. The negative effects of informal punishmnet on academic staff can be summed up in five categories: the effects on their phsyical health, psychological health, their social life, family life and professional life. Each of the test subjects conveyed that informal punishment appalled his/ her academic studies dramatically to some extent. In the research it is proposed that managers should try to get acquainted with inferiors, the informal punishment phenomenon should be noticed as soon as possible and precuations should be identified in order to prevent it, conflict and concilation centers should be established in universities and the universities should adopt the mentor system.