Publication: Au-delà de la simple réception ? un cas d'adoption et d'hybridation dumodèle préfectoral français dans le contexte ottoman-turc ?
Abstract
Türk modernleşmesi teması içinde, bürokrasinin modernleşmesi önemli bir alan kaplamaktadır. Sened-i İttifak ile başlayan kurumsal modernleşme ve bürokrasinin dönüşümü fikri, Tanzimat ve Islahat Fermanları ile devletin ve toplumun her katmanında hızla ilerlemiştir. Ulus devletlerin ortaya çıktığı dönemde imparatorluk mirasını taşımakta zorlanan mülki idare sistemimiz, yabancı kültür ve kurumların etkilerinden payını almıştır. Bu tezin temelini, Kemal Gözler'in Türk mülki idaresinin Fransa'dan mı alındığı sorusu oluşturmaktadır. Bu tez, söz konusu soruyu sadece hukuki metinleri karşılaştırarak değil, aynı zamanda hem Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda hem de Fransız Cumhuriyeti'ndeki idari sistemlerin sosyal, tarihsel ve bürokratik yansımalarına dayanan bir literatür taraması yaparak ele almaktadır. Çalışma, bir ayrıntısında olmasa da Fransa'nın 1789 Devrimi'nden bu yana geçirdiği dönüşümleri bir konsept olarak okuyucuya sunmayı denemekte ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu için de benzer bir tarihsel paralellik izlenmektedir. Bunu yaparken, taşra-merkez ilişkilerinin inşasında bürokrasinin ve idari yönetim aygıtlarının gelişiminin, normatif ve hukuki terminolojik bağlamlarından çok, tarihsel gelişim süreçleri içinde her coğrafyanın ve sistemin kendine özgü nitelikleri vurgulanarak izlenmesine çalışılmıştır.
Within the theme of Turkish modernization, the modernization of the bureaucracy occupies a significant area. The idea of institutional modernization and the transformation of the bureaucracy, which began with the Sened-i İttifak, advanced rapidly through every level of state and society with the Tanzimat and Islahat Edicts. Our civil administration system, struggling to carry the legacy of empire during the emergence of nation-states, suffered its share of foreign cultural and institutional influences. The foundation of this thesis lies in Kemal Gözler's question of whether Turkish civil administration was adopted from France. This thesis addresses this question not only by comparing legal texts but also by conducting a literature review, drawing on the social, historical, and bureaucratic reflections of administrative systems in both the Ottoman Empire and the French Republic. While the study may not be as detailed as a doctoral dissertation, it attempts to present the transformations that France underwent since the 1789 Revolution to the reader as a concept, and a similar historical parallel is followed for the Ottoman Empire. While doing this, the development of bureaucracy and administrative management devices in the construction of provincial-central relations has been followed by trying to highlight the unique characteristics of each geography and system within the historical development processes rather than their more normative and legal terminological contexts.
Within the theme of Turkish modernization, the modernization of the bureaucracy occupies a significant area. The idea of institutional modernization and the transformation of the bureaucracy, which began with the Sened-i İttifak, advanced rapidly through every level of state and society with the Tanzimat and Islahat Edicts. Our civil administration system, struggling to carry the legacy of empire during the emergence of nation-states, suffered its share of foreign cultural and institutional influences. The foundation of this thesis lies in Kemal Gözler's question of whether Turkish civil administration was adopted from France. This thesis addresses this question not only by comparing legal texts but also by conducting a literature review, drawing on the social, historical, and bureaucratic reflections of administrative systems in both the Ottoman Empire and the French Republic. While the study may not be as detailed as a doctoral dissertation, it attempts to present the transformations that France underwent since the 1789 Revolution to the reader as a concept, and a similar historical parallel is followed for the Ottoman Empire. While doing this, the development of bureaucracy and administrative management devices in the construction of provincial-central relations has been followed by trying to highlight the unique characteristics of each geography and system within the historical development processes rather than their more normative and legal terminological contexts.