Publication: ABD enerji stratejileri kapsamında Suudi Arabistan ve Venezuela analizi
Abstract
19. Yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren enerji kaynaklarına ulaşım özellikle sanayileşmiş ülkeler başta olmak üzere tüm dünya ülkelerinin temel devlet politikalarından biri haline gelmiştir. Ülkeler iç ve dış politikalarını bu doğrultuda şekillendirmiş ve şekillendirmeye devam etmektedir. Suudi Arabistan ve Venezuela da sahip oldukları petrol kaynakları sayesinde uluslararası politikada önemli bir hale gelmişlerdir. Uluslararası ilişkilerin birçok alanında gittikçe önem kazanan enerji politikaları incelemeleri ışığında kaynak zengini ülkelerin devletsel yapılanmalarının nasıl olduğu ve sahip oldukları kaynak zenginliğine bağlı bir lanete maruz kalıp kalmadıkları tartışma konularından biri haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışma, petrolün keşfi sonrası Suudi Arabistan ve Venezeula’ya siyasal, ekonomik ve dış politika boyutlarından bakarak bunların her birinde petrolün etkisini anlamaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışmanın teorik çerçevesi kaynak zengini ülkeler hakkında ortaya koyduğu araştırmalar ile Rantiyer Devlet Teorisi kullanılarak kurgulanmıştır. Söz konusu iki ülkenin iç dinamiklerde benzer özellikler taşımalarına rağmen yaşadıkları farklı tecrübeleri göz önünde bulundurularak Rantiyer Devlet Teorisinin bu ülkelerin analizlerinde belirli noktalarda yetersiz kaldığı ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın sağlam bir zemine oturtulması adına uluslararası ilişkilerin dinamik yapısı göz önünde bulundurularak ülkeler üzerindeki araştırmaların özellikle 20. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren ABD’yi dahil ederek yapılmasının gerekliliği bu çalışmada göz önüne serilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra iki ülkenin ABD ile olan aktif ilişkileri yine ABD’yi bu incelemede kayıt dışı bırakmanın eksik bir analize neden olacağını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Özetle, bu çalışmada ABD enerji stratejileri kapsamında Suudi Arabistan ve Venezuela’nın ekonomik ve politik analizi yapılacak ve rantiyer devlet olarak iki ülkenin yaşadıkları tecrübeler mercek altına alınacaktır.
From the late 19th century, access to energy resources has become one of the main state policies of all countries, especially for industrialized countries. Countries have shaped their domestic and foreign policies accordingly. Saudi Arabia and Venezuela have become important in the international relations literature thanks to their oil resources.In the light of the increasingly important energy policy examinations in the wide scope of international relations, the state structures of resource rich countries were examined. Moreover, they have become one of the most important discussion topics whether they are exposed to a curse related to the resource wealth. This study tries to understand the effect of oil in each of these dimensions by looking at Saudi Arabia and Venezeula from the political, economic and foreign policy dimensions after the oil discovery. The theoretical framework of the study was designed by using rentier state theory. Despite the fact that these two countries have similar features in their internal dynamics, it was proponed that the Rentier State Theory was insufficient at certain points in the analysis of these countries by considering their different experiences. In order to put the study on a solid ground, countries should examine taking into account the dynamic nature of international relations. Especially since the second half of the 20th century, the necessity of including the USA, which plays an important role in shaping the world economic system and especially in oil policies in line with energy strategies, is revealed. Besides, the active relations of the two countries with the USA reveal that leaving the USA unregistered in this review will lead to an incomplete analysis. In summary, in this study, economic and political analysis of Saudi Arabia and Venezuela will be made within the scope of US energy strategies and experiences of the two countries as a rentier state will be examined.
From the late 19th century, access to energy resources has become one of the main state policies of all countries, especially for industrialized countries. Countries have shaped their domestic and foreign policies accordingly. Saudi Arabia and Venezuela have become important in the international relations literature thanks to their oil resources.In the light of the increasingly important energy policy examinations in the wide scope of international relations, the state structures of resource rich countries were examined. Moreover, they have become one of the most important discussion topics whether they are exposed to a curse related to the resource wealth. This study tries to understand the effect of oil in each of these dimensions by looking at Saudi Arabia and Venezeula from the political, economic and foreign policy dimensions after the oil discovery. The theoretical framework of the study was designed by using rentier state theory. Despite the fact that these two countries have similar features in their internal dynamics, it was proponed that the Rentier State Theory was insufficient at certain points in the analysis of these countries by considering their different experiences. In order to put the study on a solid ground, countries should examine taking into account the dynamic nature of international relations. Especially since the second half of the 20th century, the necessity of including the USA, which plays an important role in shaping the world economic system and especially in oil policies in line with energy strategies, is revealed. Besides, the active relations of the two countries with the USA reveal that leaving the USA unregistered in this review will lead to an incomplete analysis. In summary, in this study, economic and political analysis of Saudi Arabia and Venezuela will be made within the scope of US energy strategies and experiences of the two countries as a rentier state will be examined.