Publication: Fosfor içeren yanma geciktirici poliüretan köpüklerin geliştirilmesi
Abstract
Poliüretan köpükler modern hayatımızda çok önemli ve geniş kullanım sahalarınasahip plastik türü polimerlerden biridir. Ana hammaddeleri izosiyanat ve poliol baştaolmak üzere çeşitli katkı malzemelerinin karışımından üretilmektedir. Rijit poliüretanesaslı köpükler genelde yalıtım sektöründe kullanılmaktadır. Ancak aleve karşı direncininolmaması bu köpüklerin tek dezavantajıdır. Dolaysıyla, yanmaya karşı çeşitli alevgeciktirici bileşikler kullanılmaktadır. Poliüretanlarda kullanılan alev geciktiricilerarasında özellikle azot ve fosfor bazlı şişen alev geciktiriciler oldukça etkilidir. Fakat butür alev geciktiricilerin reaktif olmaması, zamanla malzeme içerisinden göç etme riskiniberaberinde getirmektedir. Böyle bir durumda köpük içindeki alev geciktirici etkisiz halegelmesi ve ayrıca mekanik özelliklerinde kötü etkilenmesi kaçınılmazdır. Dolaysıyla,etkili ve aynı zamanda ana hammaddelerden poliol veya izosiyanatla reaksiyona girebilenreaktif alev geciktiricilere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu tez çalışmamızda piperidin ve 9,10-dihidro-9-oksi-10-fosfafenantren-10-oksitten (DOPO) reaktif alev geciktirici bir katkımaddesi hazırlanmıştır. Sentezlenen alev geciktirici farklı oranlarda köpüğe katılmıştırve bileşikten izosiyanat ile reaksiyona girerek otokatalitik etkisini göstermesibeklenilmektedir. FTIR ve NMR spektroskopileri yardımıyla bileşiğin yapısı karakterizeedilmiştir. Hazırlanan rijit köpüklerin Oksijen indeksi (LOI) ve mekanik testleriyapılmıştır.
Polyurethane foams are one of the most important and widely used plastic type polymersin our modern life. It is produced from a mixture of various blowing agents, catalysts and otheradditives, mainly isocyanate and polyol. Rigid polyurethane-based foams are generally used inthe insulation industry. But, the only disadvantage of these foams is their lack of flameresistance. Therefore, halogen or phosphorus containing flame retardant additives andintumescent flame retardants are used against burning. Among the flame retardants used inpolyurethanes, especially nitrogen and phosphorus-based intumescent flame retardants are veryeffective. However, the fact that such flame retardants are not reactive brings the risk ofmigration off from the material over time. In such a case, it is inevitable that the flame retardantin the foam will become ineffective and will also be adversely affected by its mechanicalproperties. Thus, there is a need for reactive flame retardants that are effective and at the sametime react with polyol or isocyanate from the main raw materials. In this thesis study, a reactiveflame retardant additive was prepared from piperidine and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxy-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). The synthesized flame retardant was added to thefoam in different proportions and it is expected that the compound reacts with isocyanate andshows its autocatalytic effect. The structure of the additive was characterized by FTIR andNMR spectroscopy. Oxygen index (LOI) and mechanical tests of the prepared rigid foams weremade.
Polyurethane foams are one of the most important and widely used plastic type polymersin our modern life. It is produced from a mixture of various blowing agents, catalysts and otheradditives, mainly isocyanate and polyol. Rigid polyurethane-based foams are generally used inthe insulation industry. But, the only disadvantage of these foams is their lack of flameresistance. Therefore, halogen or phosphorus containing flame retardant additives andintumescent flame retardants are used against burning. Among the flame retardants used inpolyurethanes, especially nitrogen and phosphorus-based intumescent flame retardants are veryeffective. However, the fact that such flame retardants are not reactive brings the risk ofmigration off from the material over time. In such a case, it is inevitable that the flame retardantin the foam will become ineffective and will also be adversely affected by its mechanicalproperties. Thus, there is a need for reactive flame retardants that are effective and at the sametime react with polyol or isocyanate from the main raw materials. In this thesis study, a reactiveflame retardant additive was prepared from piperidine and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxy-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). The synthesized flame retardant was added to thefoam in different proportions and it is expected that the compound reacts with isocyanate andshows its autocatalytic effect. The structure of the additive was characterized by FTIR andNMR spectroscopy. Oxygen index (LOI) and mechanical tests of the prepared rigid foams weremade.