Publication: İstanbul şehrinde dikey yapılaşma ve gökdelenlere coğrafi bir yaklaşım
Abstract
Dünya üzerinde pek çok ülkede görülen gökdelenler son yarım asırda Türkiye'de ve bilhassa İstanbul'da giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Dikey yapılaşmanın en yüksek ürünleri olarak karşımıza çıkan gökdelenler ortaya çıktıklarından beri şehirlerin önemli simge yapılarından olmuştur. Dünya'da ve İstanbul’da yaşanan ekonomik gelişmenin sonucunda yerli ve yabancı sermayenin yatırım alanları olarak karşımıza çıkan yüksek katlı yapılar aynı zamanda şehir rantının mutlak sahalarındandır. Bu çalışma Türkiye'nin kuzeybatısında yer alan, iç içe geçmiş kentsel merkezlerden meydana gelen İstanbul megapolünde yer alan 100 m üzerinde yüksekliğe sahip olan ve iskân özelliği taşıyan yapılarla sınırlıdır. Gökdelenler, şehrin coğrafyasında mekansal bir farklılaşma ortaya çıkarmakla birlikte artık İstanbul’un ufuk çizgisini de şekillendirmektedir. Bu çalışma, şehrin coğrafi görünümüne yeni bir boyut kazandıran gökdelenlerin mekansal, fonksiyonel ve görsel boyutlarını coğrafi bir perspektifle ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Tarihi bir şehir silüetine sahip olan İstanbul, neoliberal politikalar doğrultusunda dikey yönde yeni bir coğrafi görünüm kazanmıştır. Modern dünyanın temsilcileri olarak anılan gökdelenler İstanbul'un tarihi silüetinin üzerinde yükselmektedir. Yapı olmanın ötesinde ekonomik ve sosyal pek çok değişkenle ilişkili olarak yükselen gökdelenler aynı zamanda şehrin ve ülkenin ekonomik gücünü yansıtmaktadır. Şehrin gelişimi açısından İstanbul'a bakıldığında hızlı nüfuslanma ve kontrolsüz şehirleşmenin yüksek katlı yapıların ortaya çıkmasında etkili olduğu görülür. Gökdelenlerin ortaya çıkardığı görünüm şehrin kimliğini değiştirmiş ve yeni bir yapay coğrafi görünüm ortaya çıkarmıştır. Boğaziçi ve yakın çevresindeki yerleşmelerde merkezi iş alanlarıyla karakterize olan gökdelenler, zaman içerisinde farklı fonksiyonlar ve boyutlar kazanarak şehrin dört bir yanına yayılmıştır. Şehrin bu yayılmayı düzenleyecek dikey yapılaşma politikasına ihtiyacı vardır.
Skyscrapers, which are seen in many countries around the world, have become increasingly common in Turkey and especially in Istanbul in the last half-century. Skyscrapers, which appear as the highest products of vertical construction, have been one of the important landmarks of cities since they appeared. As a result of the economic development experienced in the world and Istanbul, high-rise buildings that appear as investment areas of domestic and foreign capital are also one of the absolute areas of city rent. This study is limited to buildings with a height of over 100 meters and a residential feature located in the Istanbul metropolis, which is located in the northwest of Turkey and consists of intertwined urban centers. Skyscrapers reveal a spatial differentiation and change in the geography of the city, but now skyscrapers shape the skyline of Istanbul. This study aims to reveal the spatial, functional, and visual dimensions of skyscrapers, which give a new dimension to the geographical appearance of the city, from a geographical perspective. Istanbul, which has a historical city skyline, has gained a new geographical appearance in the vertical direction in line with neoliberal policies. Skyscrapers, which are referred to as representatives of the modern world, rise above the historical skyline of Istanbul. Beyond being a structure, skyscrapers rising to many economic and social variables also reflect the economic power of the city and the country. When we look at Istanbul in terms of the development of the city, it is seen that rapid population growth and uncontrolled urbanization are effective in the emergence of high-rise buildings. The appearance of skyscrapers has changed the identity of the city and created a new artificial geographical appearance. Skyscrapers, which are characterized by central business areas in the settlements on the Bosphorus and its immediate surroundings, have gained different functions and dimensions over time and spread throughout the city. The city needs a vertical construction policy to regulate this spread.
Skyscrapers, which are seen in many countries around the world, have become increasingly common in Turkey and especially in Istanbul in the last half-century. Skyscrapers, which appear as the highest products of vertical construction, have been one of the important landmarks of cities since they appeared. As a result of the economic development experienced in the world and Istanbul, high-rise buildings that appear as investment areas of domestic and foreign capital are also one of the absolute areas of city rent. This study is limited to buildings with a height of over 100 meters and a residential feature located in the Istanbul metropolis, which is located in the northwest of Turkey and consists of intertwined urban centers. Skyscrapers reveal a spatial differentiation and change in the geography of the city, but now skyscrapers shape the skyline of Istanbul. This study aims to reveal the spatial, functional, and visual dimensions of skyscrapers, which give a new dimension to the geographical appearance of the city, from a geographical perspective. Istanbul, which has a historical city skyline, has gained a new geographical appearance in the vertical direction in line with neoliberal policies. Skyscrapers, which are referred to as representatives of the modern world, rise above the historical skyline of Istanbul. Beyond being a structure, skyscrapers rising to many economic and social variables also reflect the economic power of the city and the country. When we look at Istanbul in terms of the development of the city, it is seen that rapid population growth and uncontrolled urbanization are effective in the emergence of high-rise buildings. The appearance of skyscrapers has changed the identity of the city and created a new artificial geographical appearance. Skyscrapers, which are characterized by central business areas in the settlements on the Bosphorus and its immediate surroundings, have gained different functions and dimensions over time and spread throughout the city. The city needs a vertical construction policy to regulate this spread.