Publication: Otoriter popülizm : Cemal Abdünnasır örneği
Abstract
Bu tezde, Mısır örneği üzerinden otoriter rejimlerde görülen lider eksenli popülist siyaset ele alınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, “seçimsel otoriter bir demokrasiye” sahip Mısır’da 1952 Hür Subaylar darbesiyle iktidara gelmiş ve bütün Orta Doğu bölgesinde etkili olmuş Cemal Abdünnasır’ın otoriter popülizmi analiz edilmektedir. Çalışmada, otoriter popülizm tanımıyla Mısır’da belirli bir dönem siyasetini incelerken aynı zamanda popülizmin ortaya çıkış ve gelişim süreçleriyle ilgili olarak da literatür sunulmaktadır. Popülizm ve Milliyetçilik, Otoriter Popülizm ve Demokrasi Paradoksu başlıkları altında popülizmin milliyetçilik ve demokrasiyle arasındaki bağ açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Literatürden farklı olarak, çalışmaya ayrı bir perspektif kazandıran Üçüncü Dünya popülizminin özelliklerine yer verilmiş ve bu özellikler örneklemimiz Cemal Abdünnasır dönemiyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Cemal Abdünnasır’ın otoriter popülizmi, iktidara gelişinden başlayarak izlediği ekonomi politikalar, sosyal adalet, kalkınma stratejileri, Arap Sosyalizmi başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Son olarak, Cemal Abdünnasır’ın otoriter popülist uygulamaları Pan-Arabizm ekseninde açıklanmış ve dönemin propaganda araçları olan retorik, dil, kültür ve medya algısı ele alınmıştır. Günümüzde ise Nasır’ın açtığı otoriter popülist siyaset Mısır’ın ondan sonraki haleflerini etkileyerek demokrasinin önünde engel olmaya devam etmektedir.
This thesis analyses leader-oriented populist politics in authoritarian regimes through the example of Egypt. In this context, the authoritarian populism of Gamal Abdel Nasser, who came to power with the coup d'état of the Free Officers in 1952 in Egypt, which has an electoral authoritarian democracy, and was influential in the whole Middle East region, is analysed. While analyzing the politics of a certain period in Egypt with the definition of authoritarian populism, the study also presents the literature on the emergence and development processes of populism. Under the titles of Populism and Nationalism, Authoritarian Populism and the Paradox of Democracy, the link between populism and nationalism and democracy is tried to be explained. Unlike the literature, the characteristics of Third World populism, which provide a different perspective to the study, are included and these characteristics are associated with our sample, the period of Gamal Abdnasser. Gamal Abdnasser’s authoritarian populism and the economic policies he pursued starting from his coming to power are analyzed under the headings of social justice, development strategies and Arab Socialism. Finally, the authoritarian populist practices of Gamal Abdnasser were explained in the axis of Pan-Arabism and the rhetorical language, culture and media perception, which were the propaganda tools of the period, were discussed. Today, Nasser’s authoritarian populist politics have influenced his successors in Egypt and have continued to be an obstacle to democracy.
This thesis analyses leader-oriented populist politics in authoritarian regimes through the example of Egypt. In this context, the authoritarian populism of Gamal Abdel Nasser, who came to power with the coup d'état of the Free Officers in 1952 in Egypt, which has an electoral authoritarian democracy, and was influential in the whole Middle East region, is analysed. While analyzing the politics of a certain period in Egypt with the definition of authoritarian populism, the study also presents the literature on the emergence and development processes of populism. Under the titles of Populism and Nationalism, Authoritarian Populism and the Paradox of Democracy, the link between populism and nationalism and democracy is tried to be explained. Unlike the literature, the characteristics of Third World populism, which provide a different perspective to the study, are included and these characteristics are associated with our sample, the period of Gamal Abdnasser. Gamal Abdnasser’s authoritarian populism and the economic policies he pursued starting from his coming to power are analyzed under the headings of social justice, development strategies and Arab Socialism. Finally, the authoritarian populist practices of Gamal Abdnasser were explained in the axis of Pan-Arabism and the rhetorical language, culture and media perception, which were the propaganda tools of the period, were discussed. Today, Nasser’s authoritarian populist politics have influenced his successors in Egypt and have continued to be an obstacle to democracy.