Publication: Toplumsal değişme ve kentleşme sürecinde Alevilik “Reşadiye-İkitelli örneği”
Abstract
Alevîler, dinsel, siyasal ve toplumsal nedenlerden dolayı yüzyıllar boyunca kapalı toplum özelliği göstermiş, Sünnî kesimler ve Sünnî kesimlerin hakim olduğu merkezi iktidarlara karşı muhalif bir yapı geliştirmişlerdir. Dolayısıyla merkez-çevre ilişkisinde sürekli çevrede kalmışlardır. Ancak Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulması ile birlikte dini, kültürel ve toplumsal hayatın geleneksel formlarının değiştirilmek istenmesi doğrultusunda atılan adımlar, bu kesimlerin devlete karşı muhalif tutumlarını terk etmesine ya da en azından nötr bir tutum takınmalarına neden olmuştur. Böylece Alevî kesimler, çevreden merkeze doğru yönelmeye başlamışlardır. 50'li yıllarda artarak devam eden kentleşme hareketleri ise, merkeze yönelişi hızlandırmıştır. Geleneksel yapı kentsel ifade biçimleriyle yüzleşerek değişmiştir. Dini inanç ve pratikler erozyona uğramış, Alevîlik, seküler bir kimlik kazanmıştır. 80'lere gelindiğinde, Alevîliğin kamusal alandaki görünürlüğü çok azalmıştır. Ancak 90'ların başından itibaren dünyada ve Türkiye'deki gelişmelere paralel olarak kimliklerini tekrardan keşfeden Alevîler, kentleşme ile birlikte geleneksel formlarından oldukça farklı özellikler kazanan Alevîliği yeniden inşa etmeye ve yeni Alevîlik tasarımları geliştirmeye başlamışlardır. Geçen süre içerisinde geleneksel olarak, Sünnîlerin elinde bulunan ekonomik, kültürel, siyasal vb. alanlarda söz sahibi olmayı başaran bu kesimler, bundan da faydalanarak, kendi aralarında farklı Alevîlik anlayışları geliştirmiş olsalar da, hak ve talepler noktasında ortak bir söylem arayışı içerisine girmişlerdir. Name and Surname: Nail Yılmaz Field: Public Management Programme: Political And Social Sciences Supervisor: Associate Professor Dr. Deniz Vardar Type & Date Of The Thesis : Doctorate- February 2003-01-15 Key Words:Transformation, Conurbation, Alevîsm
ALEVISM THROUGHOUT THE PHASES OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION AND METROPOLITAN BUILD-UP Alevis have been rather living throughout the ages in a kind of closed community oving to certain attributes in religion as well as political and social reasonings. They have shown firm opposition towards the Sunnis. Subsequently, they were confined to the periphery of the relations of power. However, the establishment of the Turkish Republic caused them to refrain or even poise this point of view along the initiations there-in made for alteration of the modes of regulations in religion, culture and society. Thereupon, the Alevis moved from the periphery to the center where this process further accelerated during 50s due to urbanization process. Traditional nudge have somewhat changed confronting the metropolitan expression styles, whilst religious beliefs and practices eroded in time, then Alevism truly moved towards a real secular identity. During the 80s, traditional Alevism began to loose its premises. Later on with effect from 90s and in accordance with the developments that took place locally and globally, Alevîs re-discovered/ re-invented their own identities and felt obliged to dispose building themselves up with brand-new approaches and expressions. During the time elapsed, the traditionally-monopolized power owned by the Sunnis in cultural, political and economic spheres have been partly shared with the Alevis who constantly tried to benefit from any changes incurred, thus did result in alternate understandings of the Alevism philosophies which channelled them for a common search in rights and demands.
ALEVISM THROUGHOUT THE PHASES OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION AND METROPOLITAN BUILD-UP Alevis have been rather living throughout the ages in a kind of closed community oving to certain attributes in religion as well as political and social reasonings. They have shown firm opposition towards the Sunnis. Subsequently, they were confined to the periphery of the relations of power. However, the establishment of the Turkish Republic caused them to refrain or even poise this point of view along the initiations there-in made for alteration of the modes of regulations in religion, culture and society. Thereupon, the Alevis moved from the periphery to the center where this process further accelerated during 50s due to urbanization process. Traditional nudge have somewhat changed confronting the metropolitan expression styles, whilst religious beliefs and practices eroded in time, then Alevism truly moved towards a real secular identity. During the 80s, traditional Alevism began to loose its premises. Later on with effect from 90s and in accordance with the developments that took place locally and globally, Alevîs re-discovered/ re-invented their own identities and felt obliged to dispose building themselves up with brand-new approaches and expressions. During the time elapsed, the traditionally-monopolized power owned by the Sunnis in cultural, political and economic spheres have been partly shared with the Alevis who constantly tried to benefit from any changes incurred, thus did result in alternate understandings of the Alevism philosophies which channelled them for a common search in rights and demands.