Publication: Türkiye'de çok partili hayata geçişte taşrada muhalefet (1945-1950)
Abstract
Bu tezde, Türkiye’de çok partili siyasal hayata geçiş sürecinde muhalefetin taşrada ortaya çıkışı incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası, 1945-1950 yılları arasında Türkiye’de çok partili siyasal rejime geçiş döneminin ve muhalefetin ortaya çıkışının taşrada nasıl gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymaktır. Türkiye’de çok partili siyasal rejime geçiş konusuna siyasal merkezden bakan çalışmalardan farklı olarak bu tez konuya çevreden bakmakta, yerel düzeydeki toplumsal ve iktisadi süreçleri inceleyerek farklı bir bakış açısı getirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda, taşradaki üretim ve sınıf ilişkileri incelenerek ticaret burjuvazisinin, işçilerin ve köylülerin şikayetlerinin yoğunlaştığı yerlerin üzerinde durulmuştur. Birbirinden farklı coğrafi konum, iktisadi yapı ve üretim biçimleriyle öne çıkan İzmir, Zonguldak ve Konya inceleme alanı olarak belirlenmiştir. Her üç şehirde de iktidar güdümündeki gazetelerin haricinde yerel basının kurulması, muhalif ve eleştirel görüşlere mecra yaratması bakımından dikkat çekicidir. Bu üç ilin bir arada ele alınması, taşradaki muhalefet biçimlerini temsil etmeyi mümkün kılarken aralarındaki farklılıklar ve kesişimler konuyu bütüncül olarak irdelemeye olanak sağlamaktadır. Tezde, tek-parti yönetiminin seçilen illerle ilişkisinin yanı sıra devletçilik, halkçılık ve laiklik gibi CHP ilkelerinin toplum nezdinde nasıl etki ve tepki yarattığı değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, çok partili rejime geçilmesiyle muhalefet partilerinin kurulmasının hangi talepleri ortaya çıkarttığına bakılmıştır. Bu noktada özellikle, tek-parti yönetiminin halkçılık ilkesi uyarınca kaynaşmış toplum anlayışı içinde 1930’lardan itibaren ve II. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında ihmal ettiği toplumsal sınıfların taleplerinin nasıl ifade edilip neleri kapsadığının üzerinde durulmuştur. Bunu yaparken kaynak olarak, konu edindiğimiz şehirlerin tarihine dair araştırmalarla birlikte CHP örgüt içi yazışmaları, müfettiş ve milletvekili raporları gibi birincil belgeler ve yerel gazeteler kullanılmıştır.Bu çalışmayla, iktidar-muhalefet ilişkisinin sadece siyasal merkezde değil taşrada da kurulduğu, tek-parti dönemi boyunca yerel düzeyde biriken şikâyet ve taleplerin 1950 yılındaki iktidar değişikliğinin temel nedenlerinden olduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır.
In this thesis, the emergence of opposition in the periphery during the transition period to multi-party politics in Turkey is examined. The aim of this study is to reveal how the transition period to the multi-party-political regime and the emergence of opposition took place in the provinces between 1945 and 1950 after the World War II. Unlike studies that look at the transition to multi-party politics in Turkey from the political capital, this study looks at the subject from the periphery and aims to bring a different perspective by examining the social and economic processes at the local level.In this context, the provinces where the complaints of the commercial bourgeoisie, workers and peasants are concentrated are examined through the production and class relations. İzmir, Zonguldak and Konya, which stand out with their different geographical locations, economic structures and production modes, have been determined as the study area. In all three cities, the establishment of the local press, apart from the government-controlled newspapers, is remarkable in terms of creating a medium for dissident and critical views. Considering these three provinces together makes it possible to represent the forms of opposition in the periphery, while the differences and intersections between them allow to examine the subject holistically.In the thesis, it is evaluated how the CHP principles such as statism, populism and secularism create an impact and reaction in the society, as well as the relationship of the single-party administration with the selected provinces. In addition, the demands of the establishment of opposition parties with the transition to the multi-party regime were examined. At this point, in accordance with the populism principle of the single-party administration, in the understanding of a fused society, since the 1930s and II. It has been emphasized how the demands of the social classes that were neglected during the World War II were expressed and what they covered. While doing this, primary documents such as CHP internal correspondence, inspector and deputy reports, and local newspapers were used as primary sources, along with research on the history of these provinces. With this study, it is revealed that the power-opposition relationship was established not only in the political capital but also in the periphery, and that the complaints and demands accumulated at the provincial level during the single-party period were the main reasons for the change in power in 1950.
In this thesis, the emergence of opposition in the periphery during the transition period to multi-party politics in Turkey is examined. The aim of this study is to reveal how the transition period to the multi-party-political regime and the emergence of opposition took place in the provinces between 1945 and 1950 after the World War II. Unlike studies that look at the transition to multi-party politics in Turkey from the political capital, this study looks at the subject from the periphery and aims to bring a different perspective by examining the social and economic processes at the local level.In this context, the provinces where the complaints of the commercial bourgeoisie, workers and peasants are concentrated are examined through the production and class relations. İzmir, Zonguldak and Konya, which stand out with their different geographical locations, economic structures and production modes, have been determined as the study area. In all three cities, the establishment of the local press, apart from the government-controlled newspapers, is remarkable in terms of creating a medium for dissident and critical views. Considering these three provinces together makes it possible to represent the forms of opposition in the periphery, while the differences and intersections between them allow to examine the subject holistically.In the thesis, it is evaluated how the CHP principles such as statism, populism and secularism create an impact and reaction in the society, as well as the relationship of the single-party administration with the selected provinces. In addition, the demands of the establishment of opposition parties with the transition to the multi-party regime were examined. At this point, in accordance with the populism principle of the single-party administration, in the understanding of a fused society, since the 1930s and II. It has been emphasized how the demands of the social classes that were neglected during the World War II were expressed and what they covered. While doing this, primary documents such as CHP internal correspondence, inspector and deputy reports, and local newspapers were used as primary sources, along with research on the history of these provinces. With this study, it is revealed that the power-opposition relationship was established not only in the political capital but also in the periphery, and that the complaints and demands accumulated at the provincial level during the single-party period were the main reasons for the change in power in 1950.
Description
Keywords
1945-1950, center, CHP, çok partili sistem, DP, DP Opposition, geçiş dönemi, government, iktidar, İzmir, Konya, Local government, merkez, muhalefet, Muhalefet (Siyasi bilim), multi-party, one-party system, Opposition (Political science), periphery, Political parties, Political science, Politics and government, Siyasal bilim, Siyaset ve yönetim, Siyasi partiler, taşra, tek parti rejimi, transition, Turkey, Türkiye, Yerel yönetim, Zonguldak
