Publication: Olfaktor sistem anatomisinin beyaz cevher diseksiyonu tekniği ve anterograd yolak takibi yöntemi ile incelenmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Olfaktor sistem, çok iyi çalışılmış bir anatomik bölge değildir. MR ile koku sisteminin incelenmesi, günümüzde daha fazla bilgi edinmemizi sağlamıştır. İnsan olfaktor sistemi, sıçan ve diğer memelilere göre daha az gelişmiştir. Bu nedenle olfaktor sistem daha çok hayvanlarda çalışılmıştır. İnsana göre hayvanlarda olfaktor sistemin daha gelişmiş olması sebebiyle, bu çalışmada önce sıçan beyninde olfaktor sistem anatomisi çalışıldı. Sıçanlarda daha belirgin olfaktor sinir, olfaktor bulb ve koku yolakları ortaya konulmaya çalışıldı. Daha sonra insan kadavra beyninde beyaz cevher diseksiyonu tekniği ile olfaktor sistemin anatomisi, sıçan beyninden elde edilen bulgular yardımıyla ortaya konulmaya çalışıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Marmara Üniversitesi Nörolojik Bilimler Enstitüsü Hayvan Laboratuarı’nda beş adet sıçana anterograd olarak biotinlenmiş dekstran amin (BDA) boyası stereotaksik olarak verildi. Daha sonra beyin kesitleri ışık mikroskobu ile incelendi. Daha sonra sıçan çalışmasından elde ettiğimiz bilgiler ışığında, Marmara Üniversitesi Nörolojik Bilimler Enstitüsü Prof. Albert Rhoton Mikronöroanatomi Laboratuarı’nda beş adet insan kadavra beyninde beyaz cevher diseksiyon tekniği ile olfaktor sistem fotoğraflandı. Bulgular: Sıçanlardan elde edilen beyin kesitlerinde ışık mikroskobu yardımıyla ve daha sonra insan kadavra beyninde beyaz cevher diseksiyonu tekniği ile olfaktor bulb ve bunu takip eden ana olfaktor yolak takip edildi. Adı geçen yolakların koku korteksi olarak çalıştığı bilinen piriform lob ve koku duyusu ile ilişkili olan amigdala, çekirdek akümbens, anterior komissür gibi beyin bölgeleri ile ilişkileri ortaya konulmaya çalışıldı. 2 Sonuç: Bu çalışma ile sıçan beyninde olfaktor sistem anatomisi ile ilgili elde ettiğimiz bilgiler ışığında, insan beynindeki olfaktor sistem beyaz cevher anatomisi ortaya konulmaya çalışıldı. Fakat olfaktor sistemin subkortikal çekirdeklar ve limbik sistem ile ilişkilerini daha iyi anlamak için başka laboratuar çalışmalarına ihtiyaç vardır.
Objective: The olfactory system is not a well-studied anatomical region. Examination of the olfactory system with MRI has enabled us to obtain more information today. The human olfactory system is less developed than in rats and other mammals. For this reason, the olfactory system has been studied mostly in animals. Since the olfactory system is more developed in animals compared to humans, in this study, the anatomy of the olfactory system was studied in the rat brain first. More prominent olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb and olfactory pathways in rats were tried to be revealed. Then, the anatomy of the olfactory system in the human cadaver brain with the white matter dissection technique was tried to be revealed with the help of the findings obtained from the rat brain. Material and Methods: In this study, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) dye was administered stereotaxically to five rats in the Animal Laboratory of the Institute of Neurological Sciences of Marmara University. Afterwards, the brain sections were examined with a light microscope. Then, in the light of the information obtained from the rat study, the olfactory system was photographed using the white matter dissection technique in five human cadaver brains at Marmara University Neurological Sciences Institute Prof. Albert Rhoton Microneuroanatomy Laboratory. Results: In brain sections obtained from rats, the olfactory bulb and the main olfactory pathway were followed with the help of light microscopy, and then with the white matter dissection technique in human cadaver brains. The relations of the aforementioned pathways with the pyriform lobe, which is known to work as the olfactory cortex, and brain regions such as the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, anterior commissure, which are associated with the sense of smell, were tried to be revealed. Conclusion: In this study, we tried to reveal the olfactory system white matter anatomy in the human brain in the light of the information obtained about the olfactory system anatomy in the rat brain. However, other laboratory studies are needed for their relations with subcortical nuclei and limbic system.
Objective: The olfactory system is not a well-studied anatomical region. Examination of the olfactory system with MRI has enabled us to obtain more information today. The human olfactory system is less developed than in rats and other mammals. For this reason, the olfactory system has been studied mostly in animals. Since the olfactory system is more developed in animals compared to humans, in this study, the anatomy of the olfactory system was studied in the rat brain first. More prominent olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb and olfactory pathways in rats were tried to be revealed. Then, the anatomy of the olfactory system in the human cadaver brain with the white matter dissection technique was tried to be revealed with the help of the findings obtained from the rat brain. Material and Methods: In this study, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) dye was administered stereotaxically to five rats in the Animal Laboratory of the Institute of Neurological Sciences of Marmara University. Afterwards, the brain sections were examined with a light microscope. Then, in the light of the information obtained from the rat study, the olfactory system was photographed using the white matter dissection technique in five human cadaver brains at Marmara University Neurological Sciences Institute Prof. Albert Rhoton Microneuroanatomy Laboratory. Results: In brain sections obtained from rats, the olfactory bulb and the main olfactory pathway were followed with the help of light microscopy, and then with the white matter dissection technique in human cadaver brains. The relations of the aforementioned pathways with the pyriform lobe, which is known to work as the olfactory cortex, and brain regions such as the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, anterior commissure, which are associated with the sense of smell, were tried to be revealed. Conclusion: In this study, we tried to reveal the olfactory system white matter anatomy in the human brain in the light of the information obtained about the olfactory system anatomy in the rat brain. However, other laboratory studies are needed for their relations with subcortical nuclei and limbic system.