Publication: Kamu bankalarının özelleştirilmesi ve Türkiye’de performanslarının özel ve yabancı bankalarla karşılaştırılmasına ilişkin kantitatif bir analiz
Abstract
KAMU BANKALARININ ÖZELLEŞTİRİLMESİ VE TÜRKİYE’DE PERFORMANSLARININ ÖZEL VE YABANCI BANKALARLA KARŞILAŞTIRILMASINA İLİŞKİN KANTİTATİF BİR ANALİZ Özel sektör tarafından yetersiz sermaye ve eksik bilgi birikimi nedeniyle gerçekleştirilemeyen aracılık hizmetlerinin ve yatırımların finanse edilmesi işlevlerinin devlet eliyle gerçekleştirilmesinin ve bu yolla kalkınmanın devlet eliyle sağlanması amacıyla, özellikle 1929 ekonomik buhranının ardından ortaya çıkan ekonomideki devlet ağırlığı eğilimi sonrası önem kazanan kamu bankaları günümüze kadar bir çok ülkede önemli görevler üstlenmiş, ekonomik gelişime ve kalkınmaya katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Zaman içinde kuruluş amaçlarındaki fonksiyonlarını ve önemlerini yitiren kamu bankaları birçok nedenden ötürü çok değişik bozulmalara maruz kalmış, bir çok ekonomide yük oluşturur hale gelmiş ve bu bankaların performansları özel ve yabancı bankaların gerisinde kalmıştır. Kamu bankalarının ekonomilere getirdiği yük, maliyetler ve finansal aracılık sistemi üzerinde yaptığı bozulmaların önlenmesi, aynı zamanda rekabetin arttırılarak bankacılık sektöründeki etkinlik ve verimliliğin arttırılmasının sağlanması amacıyla özellikle 1980’li yıllarda öne çıkan özelleştirme rüzgarından bankacılık sektörü de etkilenmiş, dünyanın birçok ülkesinde çok sayıda kamu bankasının özelleştirilmesi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ülkemizde de Dünya ile benzer bir seyir izleyen kamu bankacılığının da irdelendiği ve ülkemizde kamu bankalarının performanslarının özel ve yabancı bankalar ile karşılaştırılmasına ilişkin kantitatif bir çalışmanın da yer aldığı bu çalışmada sonuç olarak kamu bankalarının özelleştirilmesinin gerekli ve faydalı olduğu ancak ülkemizde kamu bankalarının henüz fonksiyonlarını tam olarak tamamlamadığı gerekçesiyle, belirli bir oranda, sektör içindeki paylarının azaltılmasının şimdilik yeterli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS AND A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS COMPARING THEIR PERFORMANCE WITH FOREIGN AND PRIVATE BANKS Public sector banks are established to realize and complete financial intermediary function of an economy and also established to finance investments with the sources of state which can not be financed by private sector banks because of their inadequate capital and experience. Especially after economic depression of 1929 and up to date, public sector banks had undertaken a lot of important duty and overcame numerous problems and supported economic development in a lot of country. In the course of time, public sector banks had lost their qualifications and importance that they have in their first years of establishment and these banks had a lot of deterioration in many ways so became a burden to a lot of economy. With these changes the performance of public sector banks had stayed behind the performance of foreign and private owned banks. In order to prevent the effects of economic burden, costs and the deterioration of public sector banks to the economy, and also in order to set up a productive and active financial intermidiary, poviding higher competition, wind of privatization which was getting more and more important especially after 1980’s, a lot of public sector banks are privatized in a lot of country all around the world. Also, in this study public sector banking in Turkey is investigated which has followed the same trend with the world and a quantitative analysis is completed investigating the performance of private and foreign banking performance again st public sector banking performance. Conclusively, it is determined that privatization of public sector banks is necessary and beneficial but in Turkey because public sector banks has not completed their functions yet, for now, it is enaugh to lessen the ratio of public sector banks in the banking sector of Turkey.
PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS AND A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS COMPARING THEIR PERFORMANCE WITH FOREIGN AND PRIVATE BANKS Public sector banks are established to realize and complete financial intermediary function of an economy and also established to finance investments with the sources of state which can not be financed by private sector banks because of their inadequate capital and experience. Especially after economic depression of 1929 and up to date, public sector banks had undertaken a lot of important duty and overcame numerous problems and supported economic development in a lot of country. In the course of time, public sector banks had lost their qualifications and importance that they have in their first years of establishment and these banks had a lot of deterioration in many ways so became a burden to a lot of economy. With these changes the performance of public sector banks had stayed behind the performance of foreign and private owned banks. In order to prevent the effects of economic burden, costs and the deterioration of public sector banks to the economy, and also in order to set up a productive and active financial intermidiary, poviding higher competition, wind of privatization which was getting more and more important especially after 1980’s, a lot of public sector banks are privatized in a lot of country all around the world. Also, in this study public sector banking in Turkey is investigated which has followed the same trend with the world and a quantitative analysis is completed investigating the performance of private and foreign banking performance again st public sector banking performance. Conclusively, it is determined that privatization of public sector banks is necessary and beneficial but in Turkey because public sector banks has not completed their functions yet, for now, it is enaugh to lessen the ratio of public sector banks in the banking sector of Turkey.