Publication: Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde şizofreniye yönelik damgalamanın (stigmatizasyonun) değerlendirilmesi : niteliksel bir çalışma
Abstract
Amaç: Niteliksel tipteki bu araştırmanın amacı; tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin şizofreniye yönelik damgalama ve altında yatan tutum, inanç ve davranışlarına ait duygu ve düşüncelerinin odak grup tartışmaları ile ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç Yöntem: Bu araştırma, Marmara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi birinci ve altıncı sınıf öğrencileri arasında yapılmıştır. Odak grup tartışmaları, en az 5, en fazla 8 katılımcıdan oluşmuştur. Her bir ana grup için (1. sınıf ve 6. sınıf öğrencileri olmak üzere iki ana grup) beşer tane olmak üzere toplam on odak grup tartışması yapılmıştır. Tartışmalar sonunda 39 erkek ve 23 kadın olmak üzere 62 öğrenci ile görüşülmüştür. Tartışmalar tema analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Odak grup tartışmalarında birinci sınıf öğrencileri şizofreni hastalığını duymuşlardı; fakat tanımlamaları, yaşadıkları deneyimler veya duydukları doğrultuda görsel ve işitsel halüsinasyonlara yönelikti. Akıl sağlığı ve ruh sağlığı kavramlarını birbirleri yerine kullanmakta, şizofreni etyolojisinde yaşanılan travmatik olaylar suçlanmakta ve şizofreni hastasına yaklaşımlarında zarar verebilecekleri endişesi ve korku taşımaktadırlar. Şizofreni hastalığının tedavisinde ilaçlardan çok terapilere inanmaktadırlar. Altıncı sınıflar ise, çoğunlukla şizofreni etyolojisinin multifaktöriyel olduğuna (genetik, organik nedenler vb) inanıyorlardı. Şizofreni hastasına mesafeli yaklaşıyorlardı ve ilaç tedavisinin güvenliliğine dair görüşleri mevcuttu. Sonuç: Bulgular şizofreninin değerlendirilmesi ve kavranmasında tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin, dolayısı ile geleceğin hekimlerinin, bakış açılarının önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin de toplumun bakış açısına benzer şekilde şizofreniyi değerlendirdikleri ve şizofreniye ilişkin stigma taşıdıkları görülmüştür.
Objective: The objective of this attributive study is to describe and clarify, via focused group discussions, the stigmatization of schizophrenia and the underlying behaviours, beliefs and attitudes of medical faculty students. Design: This study was conducted among Marmara University Medical Faculty first and sixth year students. Focused group discussions were performed with a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 8 students. 5 discussions were performed with each main (first year and sixth year) group; summing up to a total of ten discussions. A total of 62 students (39 male and 23 female) took part in the discussions. The discussions were analyzed using theme analysis. Results: During the discussions, it was observed that first year students were aware of schizophrenia; but, their way of describing the disease was mainly based on the experiences they had gone through or on the paradigms of visual and auditory illusions. The terms “mental health” and “spiritual health” were being used interchangeably. They were holding the traumatic events accountable for the etiology of the disease and their approach to the patients showed indications of being worried about the harm or damage likely to be caused by the patients and fear caused by this concern. They believed therapies could be more efficient than drugs in schizophrenia treatment. Sixth year students believed that the etiology of schizophrenia was multi-factorial (genetic, organic causes etc). Their approach to the schizophrenic patient was frosty and they had opinions indicating drug therapies were safe. Conclusion: These findings show the importance of evaluation and comprehension of schizophrenia by today’s medical students who are also the physicians of the future. It was observed that; medical students evaluated schizophrenia similar to the way the society does and showed implications of stigmata related with this disease.
Objective: The objective of this attributive study is to describe and clarify, via focused group discussions, the stigmatization of schizophrenia and the underlying behaviours, beliefs and attitudes of medical faculty students. Design: This study was conducted among Marmara University Medical Faculty first and sixth year students. Focused group discussions were performed with a minimum of 5 and a maximum of 8 students. 5 discussions were performed with each main (first year and sixth year) group; summing up to a total of ten discussions. A total of 62 students (39 male and 23 female) took part in the discussions. The discussions were analyzed using theme analysis. Results: During the discussions, it was observed that first year students were aware of schizophrenia; but, their way of describing the disease was mainly based on the experiences they had gone through or on the paradigms of visual and auditory illusions. The terms “mental health” and “spiritual health” were being used interchangeably. They were holding the traumatic events accountable for the etiology of the disease and their approach to the patients showed indications of being worried about the harm or damage likely to be caused by the patients and fear caused by this concern. They believed therapies could be more efficient than drugs in schizophrenia treatment. Sixth year students believed that the etiology of schizophrenia was multi-factorial (genetic, organic causes etc). Their approach to the schizophrenic patient was frosty and they had opinions indicating drug therapies were safe. Conclusion: These findings show the importance of evaluation and comprehension of schizophrenia by today’s medical students who are also the physicians of the future. It was observed that; medical students evaluated schizophrenia similar to the way the society does and showed implications of stigmata related with this disease.