Publication: Girişimcilikte kişisel, bilişsel ve ilişkisel unsurların fırsat tanımlama üzerindeki etkisi
Abstract
Bu tez kapsamında fırsat tanımlama üzerinde etkili olan unsurlar araştırma konusu edilmiştir. Yazında fırsat tanımlamanın öncellerine ilişkin farklı sınıflandırmalara rastlamak mümkündür. Bununla birlikte bu unsurların tümünü bir arada ele alan bir araştırma yapılmamıştır. Bu nedenle bu tez kapsamında fırsat tanımlama üzerinde etkili olduğu varsayılan unsurların tümü bir arada ele alınmıştır. Fırsat tanımlama üzerinde etkili olan unsurlar üç başlık altında ele alınmıştır. Bunlar kişisel (kişilik özellikleri ve beşeri sermaye); bilişsel (bilişsel özellikler ve uyanıklık) ile ilişkisel (kuvvetli ve zayıf bağlar ve yapısal boşluk) unsurlardır. Yazında bu unsurların fırsat tanımlama üzerinde etkili oldukları ifade edilmektedir. Bu araştırma kapsamında ise bu unsurların farklı bir kültürel bağlamdaki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Araştırmaya 303 girişimci katılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda girişimcilerin iş kurma aşamasında zayıf bağlarından yararlanmadıkları görülmüştür. Girişimcilerin zayıf bağlarından yararlanmamış olmaları nedeniyle yapısal boşlukları da hesaplanamamıştır. Bu nedenle ilişkisel unsurlar, iş kurma aşamasında kendilerine yardımcı olan kuvvetli bağ sayıları ile ortaya koyulmuştur. Faktör analizinin sonucunda fırsat tanımlama için iki faktör (bilgi edinme yolu ile fırsat tanımlama ve uyanıklık ile fırsat tanımlama); bilişsel özellikler için beş faktör (analitik düşünme, planlama, farkındalık, adaptasyon, sezgi,) ve uyanıklık için iki faktör (tarama ve araştırma ile değerlendirme ve karar verme) elde edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, bilgi edinme ile fırsat tanımlama üzerinde uyanıklık faktörlerinin her ikisinin ve kişilik özelliklerinin pozitif açıklayıcılığa sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Uyanıklık yolu ile fırsat tanımlama üzerinde ise bilişsel özelliklerden “planlama” ve “farkındalığın” pozitif açıklayıcılığa sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
This study investigates the antecedents of opportunity recognition. In literature several antecedents for opportunity recognition has been defined and discussed. However there is not any study that considers all antecedents and their effects together. In this study all the antecedents of opportunity recognition aforementioned in literature has been investigated together. For this aim, antecedents of opportunity recognition present in literature were analyzed and categorized in three different groups; personal, cognitive and relational characteristics. In first group entrepreneur’s characteristics and human capital were named as personal characteristics. Entrepreneur’s cognition and alertness were named as cognitive characteristics. And lastly the number of entrepreneur’s strong and weak ties and structural holes were named as relational characteristics. According to the literature all of the above mentioned variables are supposed to have positive significant effect on opportunity recognition. In this study we examined the effects of these variables on opportunity recognition in a different cultural context. 303 entrepreneurs participated in the study. Results of the analyses revealed that founders of the firms did not get help from their weak ties. Therefore weak ties and structural holes for participated entrepreneurs were not observed and only the number of strong ties was calculated. Results of the factor analysis revealed two factors for opportunity recognition (opportunity recognition via knowledge acquisition and opportunity recognition via alertness); five factors for cognitive characteristic (analytical thinking, planning, awareness, adaptation, and intuition) and two factors for alertness (scanning & research and assessment & deciding). According to the analyses, both factors of alertness and entrepreneur’s characteristics were found to have significant positive effect on opportunity recognition via knowledge acquisition. For opportunity recognition via alertness, it was “awareness” and “planning” factors of cognitive characteristic that found to have positive significant effect.
This study investigates the antecedents of opportunity recognition. In literature several antecedents for opportunity recognition has been defined and discussed. However there is not any study that considers all antecedents and their effects together. In this study all the antecedents of opportunity recognition aforementioned in literature has been investigated together. For this aim, antecedents of opportunity recognition present in literature were analyzed and categorized in three different groups; personal, cognitive and relational characteristics. In first group entrepreneur’s characteristics and human capital were named as personal characteristics. Entrepreneur’s cognition and alertness were named as cognitive characteristics. And lastly the number of entrepreneur’s strong and weak ties and structural holes were named as relational characteristics. According to the literature all of the above mentioned variables are supposed to have positive significant effect on opportunity recognition. In this study we examined the effects of these variables on opportunity recognition in a different cultural context. 303 entrepreneurs participated in the study. Results of the analyses revealed that founders of the firms did not get help from their weak ties. Therefore weak ties and structural holes for participated entrepreneurs were not observed and only the number of strong ties was calculated. Results of the factor analysis revealed two factors for opportunity recognition (opportunity recognition via knowledge acquisition and opportunity recognition via alertness); five factors for cognitive characteristic (analytical thinking, planning, awareness, adaptation, and intuition) and two factors for alertness (scanning & research and assessment & deciding). According to the analyses, both factors of alertness and entrepreneur’s characteristics were found to have significant positive effect on opportunity recognition via knowledge acquisition. For opportunity recognition via alertness, it was “awareness” and “planning” factors of cognitive characteristic that found to have positive significant effect.