Publication: İki̇nci̇ Dünya Savaıi sonrası ekonomi̇k bi̇r dönüm noktası : Türki̇ye'ni̇n ilk devalüasyonu 7 Eylül 1946 kararlar
Abstract
Bu tezde, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin iktisadi tarihinde en önemli dönüm noktalarında bir tanesi olan ve literatürde 7 Eylül kararları olarak geçen 7 Eylül 1946 kararları ele alınacaktır. 7 Eylül 1946 kararları Recep Peker başbakanlığı döneminde, CHP hükümeti döneminde, alınmış olan ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti iktisadi tarihinin ilk devalüasyonu niteliğine sahip kararlarıdır. Söz konusu tezde, II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası şekillenmekte olan siyasi ve iktisadi küresel atmosfer neticesinde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ekonomisinin konumu giriş, gelişme ve sonuç bağlamlarında ve 7 Eylül 1946 kararları perspektifinde tartışılacaktır. Somut bir temel inşa etmek üzere 1930’lu yıllardan itibaren şekillenmeye başlayan siyasi ve iktisadi koşullar iktisat tarihi bağlanımında incelenerek 7 Eylül kararlarının arka planı araştırılacaktır. Kararların alındığı süreç ve yaratmış olduğu sonuçlar CHP ve DP eksenlerinde detaylandırılacaktır. Küresel çapta gerçekleşen değişimler ile birlikte Türkiye’de yaşanmış olan ve ana hatlarıyla çeşitli iktisadi düzenlemelerden meydan gelen bulgular karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde tartışılacaktır. Ele alınan dönem itibariyle Dünya Bankası, IMF ve Bretton Woods sistemi başta olmak üzere ekonomik izdüşümler ve bunların yaratmış olduğu her türlü etki eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla incelenecektir. İlgili döneme ait süreçte etkisi olmuş veya etkiye maruz kalmış kurumların ve bürokratların sunmuş oldukları doneler ışığında 7 Eylül kararları ve devalüasyon politikası ayrıntılı bir planlama ile ele alınacaktır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ekonomisinin üretim, ithalat ve ihracat olanakları doğrultusunda 7 Eylül kararlarının etkisi ve sonuçları işlenecektir. Dış ticaret, yurt içi ticari faaliyetler ve fiyat seviyeleri bağlamlarında ekonomik gelişme ve göstergeler 7 Eylül 1946 tarihinde alınan kararlar ve devalüasyon kavramı çerçevesinde ifade edilecektir.
The regulations of 7 September 1946, which are considered one of the most significant turning points in the economic history of the Republic of Turkey, will be discussed in this thesis. The regulations of 7 September 1946, were applied while Recep Peker was prime minister and the Republican People's Party was in power. 7 September regulations were the first devaluation regulations of Turkey’s economic history. Undoubtedly, economic life and political life are two phenomena that have close effects on each other. To build a solid basis, the background of the regulations and the results of the regulations will be analyzed. The political and economic conditions that started to take shape in the 1930s will be detailed as the background in the context of economic history. Moreover, the 7 September regulations were examined by considering the political and economic global atmosphere that has been shaped after the World War II in this thesis. Despite Turkey's neutral position in the World War II, the effects of the war on the economic atmosphere were devastating. For this reason, the impact of the post-war period and its reflections will also be considered. Furthermore, the impacts of global institutions and systems such as the World Bank, IMF, and Bretton Woods will be analyzed and discussed with a critical perspective. Also, the historical period in which the regulations were set will be expanded on the axes of Republican People's Party and Democrat Party. On the other hand, institutions and bureaucrats that had an impact on the 7 September devaluation regulations will be discussed in detail. Economic development and macroeconomic indicators in the context of foreign trade, domestic commercial activities, and price levels will be stated within the framework of the 7 September regulations and the concept of devaluation. Newspapers and various historical data sources that shed light on the period will be reviewed.
The regulations of 7 September 1946, which are considered one of the most significant turning points in the economic history of the Republic of Turkey, will be discussed in this thesis. The regulations of 7 September 1946, were applied while Recep Peker was prime minister and the Republican People's Party was in power. 7 September regulations were the first devaluation regulations of Turkey’s economic history. Undoubtedly, economic life and political life are two phenomena that have close effects on each other. To build a solid basis, the background of the regulations and the results of the regulations will be analyzed. The political and economic conditions that started to take shape in the 1930s will be detailed as the background in the context of economic history. Moreover, the 7 September regulations were examined by considering the political and economic global atmosphere that has been shaped after the World War II in this thesis. Despite Turkey's neutral position in the World War II, the effects of the war on the economic atmosphere were devastating. For this reason, the impact of the post-war period and its reflections will also be considered. Furthermore, the impacts of global institutions and systems such as the World Bank, IMF, and Bretton Woods will be analyzed and discussed with a critical perspective. Also, the historical period in which the regulations were set will be expanded on the axes of Republican People's Party and Democrat Party. On the other hand, institutions and bureaucrats that had an impact on the 7 September devaluation regulations will be discussed in detail. Economic development and macroeconomic indicators in the context of foreign trade, domestic commercial activities, and price levels will be stated within the framework of the 7 September regulations and the concept of devaluation. Newspapers and various historical data sources that shed light on the period will be reviewed.