Publication: Za’ifi’nin manzum gülistan tercümesi: kitab-ı nigaristan-ı şehristan-ı dırahtistan-ı sebzistan
Abstract
XVI. yüzyıl şairlerinden Za'îfî, telif ve tercüme olmak üzere on altı eser vermiş, tezkirelerde şiirleri sade, tarzı zarif olarak nitelenen şairlerden biridir. Hayatı boyunca çok sıkıntı çektiğinden, arkadaşlarından arkası kuvvetli olanların iyi bir hayat yaşarken kendisinin az maaşla çalıştığından eserlerinde yer yer bahseder ve bundan şikâyet eder. Çevirdiği eserlerden birisi de birçok kez dilimize çevrilen veya şerh edilen, Sa'dî'nin Gülistân adlı eseridir. Ahlâkî ve öğretici konulu mesnevilerden olan Gülistân manzum ve mensur karışık yazılmış bir eserdir. Za'îfî bu eseri nazmen çevirmiş ve adını Nigâristân koymuştur. Nigâristân da Farsça aslındaki gibi sekiz bab üzerine tertip edilmiştir. 4970 beyitten oluşan bu eserde toplam 185 hikâye ile sekizinci babda 79 hikmet, 33 pend ve 2 latîfe bulunmaktadır. Za'îfî, bu eserde hayatıyla ilgili bilgiler de verir. Doğduğu yer olan Karatova'yı uzun uzun anlatır. Burada altın ve gümüş madenleri çıkarılmaktadır. Nigâristân, altın çıkarırken ve gümüş elde ederken ne gibi işlemler yapıldığını, bunlardan elde edilen gelirin nasıl paylaştırıldığını da vermesi bakımından da ilginç bir eserdir. Bu çalışmada önce Za'îfî'nin yaşadığı döneme, dönemin edebî faaliyetlerine ve edebiyatımızdaki ahlâk konulu eserlere değinilmiş, Gülistân'ın Türkçe çevirileri ve şerhleri tanıtılmış, Za'îfî'nin hayatı kaynaklara ve kendi eserlerine dayanılarak anlatıldıktan sonra eserleri ve edebî kişiliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Nigâristân, konusu, sebeb-i telif, yapısı ve Gülistân'la karşılaştırılması, vezin ve kafiye, imlâ ve atasözleri ve deyimler açısından incelenmiş, eserin iki versiyonu tanıtılarak elde bulunan nüshaların tavsifi yapılmış, eserin indeksinden sonra metin tespitiyle ilgili hususlar açıklanarak eserin transkripsiyonlu metni verilmiştir.
Za'îfî, a 16th century poet, wrote sixteen books as composition or translation. The tezkire writers considered him to be one of the poets whose style is elegant and plain. Za'îfî mentioned that he was all in financial straits for his life and how poorly he was paid whereas some of his friends to be protected were in prosperity and he deeply complained of his situation in his works. One of the works he translated into Turkish is the Gülistân by Sa'dî, a mesnevi translated and/ or commented several times into Turkish. The Gülistân, about didactic and moral values, is composed both in verse and prose. Za'îfî made his translation in verse and named it Nigâristân-ı Şehristân-ı Dırahtistân-ı Sebzistân, which is composed of 8 divisions like the Persian original and of 4970 couplets with totally 185 stories, 79 hikmet, 33 pend and 2 latîfe. Providing us with his autobiography in the Nigâristân, Za'îfî describes as long as his birthplace Karatova where gold and silver are mined. Thus the reader learn about how these mines are processed and how the income is distributed in that time. These aspects also make the Nigâristân remarkable. In this dissertation firstly the period in which¸ Za'îfî lived was focused on, considering literary activities and works with ethic and moral values in the Old Turkish Literature. Referring to sources and mainly his works, Za'îfî's biography was written and his literary aspects were discussed. Then the theme, the sebeb-i telif, rhythm and rhymes, structure by comparing the translation with the original, spelling and proverbs and idioms of Nigâristân are examined. The two versions of Nigâristân are described and a transcribed text with an index was prepared.
Za'îfî, a 16th century poet, wrote sixteen books as composition or translation. The tezkire writers considered him to be one of the poets whose style is elegant and plain. Za'îfî mentioned that he was all in financial straits for his life and how poorly he was paid whereas some of his friends to be protected were in prosperity and he deeply complained of his situation in his works. One of the works he translated into Turkish is the Gülistân by Sa'dî, a mesnevi translated and/ or commented several times into Turkish. The Gülistân, about didactic and moral values, is composed both in verse and prose. Za'îfî made his translation in verse and named it Nigâristân-ı Şehristân-ı Dırahtistân-ı Sebzistân, which is composed of 8 divisions like the Persian original and of 4970 couplets with totally 185 stories, 79 hikmet, 33 pend and 2 latîfe. Providing us with his autobiography in the Nigâristân, Za'îfî describes as long as his birthplace Karatova where gold and silver are mined. Thus the reader learn about how these mines are processed and how the income is distributed in that time. These aspects also make the Nigâristân remarkable. In this dissertation firstly the period in which¸ Za'îfî lived was focused on, considering literary activities and works with ethic and moral values in the Old Turkish Literature. Referring to sources and mainly his works, Za'îfî's biography was written and his literary aspects were discussed. Then the theme, the sebeb-i telif, rhythm and rhymes, structure by comparing the translation with the original, spelling and proverbs and idioms of Nigâristân are examined. The two versions of Nigâristân are described and a transcribed text with an index was prepared.