Publication: Elektronik ticaret pazaryerinde ana sözleşmenin ihlali : aracı hizmet sağlayıcının alıcılara karşı hukuki sorumluluğu
Abstract
Bilişim ve iletişim sektörlerinin gelişmesi ve internet kullanımının toplumun büyük bir kesimine yayılması sonucunda elektronik ticaret pazaryerleri aracılığıyla kurulan hukuki işlemlerin sayısı her geçen gün önemli oranda artış göstermektedir. Bu durum ise bir takım hukuki meseleleri gündeme getirmekte ve bunların çözümü yönünde gerek yargı organları gerek öğretideki yazarlar çeşitli görüşler ileri sürmektedir. Bu hukuki meselelerin başında ise, pazaryerinde kurulan ana sözleşme ilişkilerinin elektronik ticaret hizmet sağlayıcıları tarafından ihlal edilmesi durumunda alıcıların uğradıkları zararları elektronik ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcılardan talep edip edemeyecekleri; talep edebileceklerse bunu hangi hukuki gerekçelerle ve ne kapsamda yapabilecekleri soruları gelmektedir. Çalışmada bu sorulara; sözleşme hukuku ilkeleri ve tüketici mevzuatı başta olmak üzere çeşitli yasal düzenlemeler dikkate alınarak; ayrıca gerek ulusal gerek uluslararası yargı organlarının kararları ve öğretideki tartışmalar ışığında cevap aranmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, ana sözleşmenin taraflarını elektronik ticaret hizmet sağlayıcı ile alıcının oluşturduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, elektronik ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcının kural olarak sözleşme ihlalinden sorumluluğu bulunmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ancak, üçüncü kişinin fiilini üstlenme sözleşmesi, dürüstlük kuralı ve kanunlarda düzenlenen özel hükümler gereği istisnai durumlarda elektronik ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcı, ana sözleşmenin ihlalinden sorumlu tutulabilecektir. Bu çerçevede çalışmada her bir istisnai sorumluluk sebebi özel olarak incelenmekte ve bunun sonuçları hakkında detaylı bir analiz yapılmaktadır. Son olarak Elektronik Ticaret Kanununda ve AB Direktiflerinde düzenlenen aracı hizmet sağlayıcılara yönelik sorumluluk muafiyeti hükümleri ile pazaryeri hizmet sözleşmesinde yer alan sorumsuzluk kayıtlarının elektronik ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcının sorumluluğuna etkisi de bu çalışmada ele alınmaktadır.
With the development of the information and communication sectors and the widespread use of the internet among the majority of society, the number of legal transactions established through electronic commerce marketplaces has been increasing significantly day by day. This situation brings certain legal issues to the forefront, prompting both judicial bodies and scholars in the doctrine to propose various opinions for their resolution. Among the primary legal issues is whether buyers can claim damages from electronic commerce intermediary service providers in cases where the main contractual relationships established on the marketplace are violated by electronic commerce service providers. If they can, under what legal grounds and to what extent can such claims be made? This study seeks to answer these questions by taking into account various legal regulations, primarily the principles of contract law and consumer legislation, as well as the decisions rendered by both national and international judicial bodies and the discussions in the academic literature. Accordingly, it is concluded that the parties to the main contract are the electronic commerce service provider and the buyer, and therefore, as a rule, the electronic commerce intermediary service provider is not liable for any breach of the contract. However, in exceptional cases, the intermediary service provider may be held liable for the breach of the main contract based on the contractual undertaking of a third party’s act, the principle of good faith, or specific provisions regulated by law. Within this framework, each ground for exceptional liability is examined in detail in this study, and a comprehensive analysis of their consequences is provided. Finally, the study also addresses the impact of liability exemption provisions regulated under Electronic Commerce Law and EU Directives, as well as the exclusion of liability clause included in marketplace service agreements, on the liability of electronic commerce intermediary service providers.
With the development of the information and communication sectors and the widespread use of the internet among the majority of society, the number of legal transactions established through electronic commerce marketplaces has been increasing significantly day by day. This situation brings certain legal issues to the forefront, prompting both judicial bodies and scholars in the doctrine to propose various opinions for their resolution. Among the primary legal issues is whether buyers can claim damages from electronic commerce intermediary service providers in cases where the main contractual relationships established on the marketplace are violated by electronic commerce service providers. If they can, under what legal grounds and to what extent can such claims be made? This study seeks to answer these questions by taking into account various legal regulations, primarily the principles of contract law and consumer legislation, as well as the decisions rendered by both national and international judicial bodies and the discussions in the academic literature. Accordingly, it is concluded that the parties to the main contract are the electronic commerce service provider and the buyer, and therefore, as a rule, the electronic commerce intermediary service provider is not liable for any breach of the contract. However, in exceptional cases, the intermediary service provider may be held liable for the breach of the main contract based on the contractual undertaking of a third party’s act, the principle of good faith, or specific provisions regulated by law. Within this framework, each ground for exceptional liability is examined in detail in this study, and a comprehensive analysis of their consequences is provided. Finally, the study also addresses the impact of liability exemption provisions regulated under Electronic Commerce Law and EU Directives, as well as the exclusion of liability clause included in marketplace service agreements, on the liability of electronic commerce intermediary service providers.
Description
Keywords
Alıcı, Ana Sözleşme, Buyer, Commercial contracts, Electronic commerce, Electronic Commerce Intermediary Service Provider, Electronic Commerce Marketplace, Electronic Commerce Service Provider, Elektronik ticaret, Elektronik Ticaret Aracı Hizmet Sağlayıcı, Elektronik Ticaret Hizmet Sağlayıcı, Elektronik Ticaret Pazaryeri, Main Contract, Ticarî sözleşmeler, Turkey, Türkiye
