Publication: Beylikler devri mimarisinde celî sülüs ve kûfî yazı türlerinin istif beraberliği
Abstract
İslamiyet’in gelmesiyle hızlı bir şekilde gelişen Arap yazısı, zaman içerisinde estetik bir kimlik kazanarak sanat yazısı haline gelmiştir. İlk zamanlar kutsal metinlerin yazılmasında kullanılan Arap yazısı İslam devletinin büyümesine paralel olarak inşa edilmeye başlanan mimari yapıların en önemli süsleme unsuru haline gelmiştir. Erken devir mimari yapılarının tezyininde dik ve yatay çizgilerin hâkim olduğu geometrik bir forma sahip olan kûfî yazılar kullanılırken hızlı bir gelişim gösteren ve farklı kompozisyonlar yapmaya elverişli olan celî sülüs yazı, zamanla kûfînin yanında yapılarda yerini almıştır. Hattatlar yapıların görünümü zenginleştirmek amacıyla birbirinin aynı veya farklı karakterdeki yazıları bir arada kullanarak özgün kompozisyonlar geliştirmişlerdir. Celî yazılarda dikey harflerden dolayı üst kısımda meydana gelen boşluğu yine yazıyla doldurma düşüncesiyle geliştirildiği muhtemel olan bu kompozisyonda celî sülüs yazının üst kısmına kûfî yazılar yerleştirilmiştir. Timurlu mimari süsleme sanatında yaygın bir şekilde uygulanan celî sülüs-kûfî kompozisyonu, Orta Asya ile çok yönlü ilişkilere sahip olan Anadolu’ya sanatkarların eliyle intikal ederek XIV. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden XVI. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğine kadar bölgede inşa edilen önemli yapıların tezyininde kullanılmış ve bu dönem mimarisinin klasik bir süsleme üslubu haline gelmiştir. Selçuk İsa Bey Camii, Milas Firuz Bey Camii, Bursa Ulu Camii, Bursa Yeşil Camii Külliyesi, Edirne Eski Cami, Edirne Muradiye Camii, Üç Şerefeli Camii, Karaman İbrahim Bey İmareti, İstanbul Fatih Camii, Cem Sultan Türbesi, Konya Mevlâna Türbesi, İstanbul Rum Mehmed Paşa Camii, İstanbul Davud Paşa Camii dönemin celî sülüs-kûfî kompozisyonu yazılarla süslenen önemli yapılarındandır. Bu çalışma, hat sanatı tarihi açısından özgün bir tasarım olarak karşımıza çıkan celî sülüs-kûfî yazı kompozisyonuyla hazırlanan kitabelerin tespit edilerek incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır.
The Arabic script, which developed rapidly with the advent of Islam, gained an aesthetic identity over time and became an art script. The Arabic script, which was used in the writing of the sacred texts in the early times, has become the most important ornamental element of the architectural structures that were started to be built in parallel with the growth of the Islamic state. While kûfîc scripts, which have a geometrical form dominated by vertical and horizontal lines, were used in the decoration of early architectural structures, celî thuluth script, which showed rapid development and was suitable for making different compositions, took its place in the buildings next to kûfîc. In order to enrich the appearance of the buildings Calligraphers developed unique compositions by using the same or different characters together. Kûfîc inscriptions were placed on the upper part of the celî thuluth script in the composition, which is likely to have been developed with the idea of filling the space in the upper part due to vertical letters in celî scripts. The celî thuluth-kûfîc composition, which was widely applied in Timurid architectural ornamentation, was transferred to Anatolia, which had multifaceted relations with Central Asia, by the hands of artists and was used in the decoration of important structures built in the region from the last quarter of the fourteenth century to the first quarter of the sixteenth century and became a classic ornamental style of the architecture of this period. Selcuk Isa Bey Mosque, Milas Firuz Bey Mosque, Bursa Grand Mosque, Bursa Green Mosque Complex, Edirne Old Mosque, Edirne Muradiye Mosque, Üç Şerefeli Mosque, Karaman İbrahim Bey Imaret, Istanbul Fatih Mosque, Cem Sultan Tomb, Konya Mevlana Tomb, Istanbul Greek Mehmed Pasha Mosque, Istanbul Davud Pasha Mosque are among the important structures of the period decorated with celî thuluth-kûfîc writings. This study aims to identify and analyze the inscriptions prepared with the composition celî thuluth-kûfî writing, which appears as a unique design in terms of the history of calligraphy.
The Arabic script, which developed rapidly with the advent of Islam, gained an aesthetic identity over time and became an art script. The Arabic script, which was used in the writing of the sacred texts in the early times, has become the most important ornamental element of the architectural structures that were started to be built in parallel with the growth of the Islamic state. While kûfîc scripts, which have a geometrical form dominated by vertical and horizontal lines, were used in the decoration of early architectural structures, celî thuluth script, which showed rapid development and was suitable for making different compositions, took its place in the buildings next to kûfîc. In order to enrich the appearance of the buildings Calligraphers developed unique compositions by using the same or different characters together. Kûfîc inscriptions were placed on the upper part of the celî thuluth script in the composition, which is likely to have been developed with the idea of filling the space in the upper part due to vertical letters in celî scripts. The celî thuluth-kûfîc composition, which was widely applied in Timurid architectural ornamentation, was transferred to Anatolia, which had multifaceted relations with Central Asia, by the hands of artists and was used in the decoration of important structures built in the region from the last quarter of the fourteenth century to the first quarter of the sixteenth century and became a classic ornamental style of the architecture of this period. Selcuk Isa Bey Mosque, Milas Firuz Bey Mosque, Bursa Grand Mosque, Bursa Green Mosque Complex, Edirne Old Mosque, Edirne Muradiye Mosque, Üç Şerefeli Mosque, Karaman İbrahim Bey Imaret, Istanbul Fatih Mosque, Cem Sultan Tomb, Konya Mevlana Tomb, Istanbul Greek Mehmed Pasha Mosque, Istanbul Davud Pasha Mosque are among the important structures of the period decorated with celî thuluth-kûfîc writings. This study aims to identify and analyze the inscriptions prepared with the composition celî thuluth-kûfî writing, which appears as a unique design in terms of the history of calligraphy.
Description
Keywords
Arap Yazısı, Architecture, Architecture of the Period of Principalities, Architecture, Ottoman, Beylikler Devri Mimarisi, Celî Sülüs Arabic Script, Celî Thuluth, Decoration and ornament, Architectural, Dekorasyon ve süsleme, Mimari, Islamic architecture, Islamic calligraphy, İslam hat sanatı, İslam mimarisi, Kûfî, Kûfîc, Mimari, Mimari, Osmanlı, Turkey, Türkiye, Türkkiye
