Publication: Limited şirkette haklı sebep kavramı ve sonuçları
Abstract
LİMİTED ŞİRKETTE HAKLI SEBEP KAVRAMI VE SONUÇLARI Limited şirkette çıkma, çıkarılma, müdürlerin veya tasfiye memurlarının yetkilerinin kaldırılması veyahut sınırlandırılması ve fesih sebebi olarak öngörülmüş “haklı sebep” kavramı, Türk hukukunda en kapsamlı olarak Türk Ticaret Kanunu’nun kollektif şirketlere ilişkin 187. maddesinde düzenlenmiştir. Bu madde, ticari şirketlerden, sürekli edim içeren bütün sözleşme türlerine kadar örnekseme yolu ile uygulanma imkanına sahip bir genel hüküm niteliği taşır. Son yıllarda limited şirketlerde, haklı sebebe dayalı davaların artmasından (özellikle TTK m.549/ 4. bent; m.551/ 2. ve 3. fıkra gibi) esinlenilerek hazırlanılan bu çalışma ile limited şirkette haklı sebep kavramının yeri ve ona bağlanan hukuki sonuçlar anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Haklı sebepler; hakların kullanılmasını ve borçların yerine getirilmesini dürüst davranma ile ifade eden MK. m. 2’nin, sürekli hukuki ilişkilerde ihlal edildiği anda; belirsiz süreli ise feshi ihbarda bulunmadan, belirli sürelilerde ise sürenin sonunu beklemeden feshetme olanağı veren olağanüstü son çare olarak düşünülen sebeplerdir. Bunun yanında şirket sözleşmesinin kendine özgü niteliği gereği; çıkma, çıkarılmaya ve limited şirkette müdür veyahut tasfiye memuru iseniz yetkilerin geri alınmasına veya sınırlandırılmasına hak veren sebeplerdir. Haklı sebeplerin iki kişilik limited şirketlerdeki etkisi de unutulmamış; ayrıca ele alınıp değerlendirilmiştir. İki kişilik limited şirketlerde, şimdilik tek kişilik ortaklığa Türk Ticaret Kanunu’muz izin vermediği için çıkma ve çıkarılmanın mümkün olmadığı görülmüştür.
THE RİGHTEOUS CAUSE AND ITS RESULTS IN LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES To give up, to be dismissed, the dissolution or removal or limitation of the authorities of the directors or the liquidators in the limited liability companies and “ Righteous Cause ” that was foreseen as the annulment reason was most comprehensively amended in the 187th article of the Turkish Commercial Code regarding general partnerships in Turkish legal system. This article bears the qualification of the general judgement that gives the possibility of application through analogy to all types of contracts of commercial companies including constant act (performance). This study, inspired from the increasing number of cases in limited liability companies based on the righteous cause ( particularly Com. C. Art 549/ 4. paragraph; 551/ 2; 3 ), tries to analyze the place of the notion of the righteous cause in limited liability companies and judicial results linked with it. The righteous causes are defined as the use of rights and additionally when art. 2 of the Civil Code which defines the implementation of debts as sincere demeanor is violated on continuous judicial occasions, these righteous causes are considered as an extraordinary solution which gives the opportunity to abolish the contract without waiting the due date or occasionally without informing the infringement before hand. Besides, as a characteristic of company contracts, there are the giving up or to be dismissed of shareholders and removal or limitation of the authorities of the directors or the liquidators in the limited liability companies as a result. The effect of righteous causes in limited liability companies formed by two partners was, in addition, studied. As the Turkish Commercial Code does not permit one partnership in limited liability companies formed by two partners, to give up and to be dismissed do not apply.
THE RİGHTEOUS CAUSE AND ITS RESULTS IN LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES To give up, to be dismissed, the dissolution or removal or limitation of the authorities of the directors or the liquidators in the limited liability companies and “ Righteous Cause ” that was foreseen as the annulment reason was most comprehensively amended in the 187th article of the Turkish Commercial Code regarding general partnerships in Turkish legal system. This article bears the qualification of the general judgement that gives the possibility of application through analogy to all types of contracts of commercial companies including constant act (performance). This study, inspired from the increasing number of cases in limited liability companies based on the righteous cause ( particularly Com. C. Art 549/ 4. paragraph; 551/ 2; 3 ), tries to analyze the place of the notion of the righteous cause in limited liability companies and judicial results linked with it. The righteous causes are defined as the use of rights and additionally when art. 2 of the Civil Code which defines the implementation of debts as sincere demeanor is violated on continuous judicial occasions, these righteous causes are considered as an extraordinary solution which gives the opportunity to abolish the contract without waiting the due date or occasionally without informing the infringement before hand. Besides, as a characteristic of company contracts, there are the giving up or to be dismissed of shareholders and removal or limitation of the authorities of the directors or the liquidators in the limited liability companies as a result. The effect of righteous causes in limited liability companies formed by two partners was, in addition, studied. As the Turkish Commercial Code does not permit one partnership in limited liability companies formed by two partners, to give up and to be dismissed do not apply.