Publication: İsrail'in kuruluşunda etkin bir işçi sendikası : Histadrut
Abstract
“İsrail’in Kuruluşunda Etkin Bir İşçi Sendikası: Histadrut” isimli bu yüksek lisans tezinde, sendikaların sivil toplum kuruluşu olmalarının temellendirilmiş ön kabulüyle; ekonomiden sağlığa, kültürden eğitime, hayata dokunan her alandaki varlığıyla bir sendikanın, Histadrut’un, devletsiz bir halkı örgütleyiş şekli, İsrail’in kuruluşuna varan süreçteki faaliyetleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. Sivil toplum kuruluşlarının devletten hâli fakat yine onun denetimindeki alışılagelen haliyle yumuşak güç faaliyetleri, sendikaların devrimci yapılarının yadsınamaz etkisiyle değişime uğramış, sivil kuruluşların sivilliği ve etkisini sorgulanır hale getirmiştir. Özellikle 19. yüzyıl sonrasında yükselişe geçen emek kavramı, işçi hareketlerini ivmesi sert değişimlere gebe olayların ateşleyicisi yapmıştır. Bu anlamda en büyük fitillerden biri, 1920 yılının Filistin’inde Histadrut tarafından yakılmış, 28 yıl sonra kurulacak devletin temelleri işçi siyonizmiyle atılmıştır. Yahudi sendika, dünyadaki benzerlerinden farklı olarak sadece işçi haklarının edinimi ve korunması çerçevesinde faaliyet yürütmemiş, bilakis bu faaliyetlerini kurulması planlanan devletin ideolojik, sistemsel ve hukuksal altyapısının yaratımında etkin bir şekilde kullanmıştır. Özellikle Filistin’e yapılan toplu göçlerin (aliya) ikincisiyle gelen kurucu figürlerin Histadrut çatısı altındaki yönetimsel tecrübeleri de devlet kurumundan sonraki politik süreci, Aşkenaz baskınlığındaki işçi siyonizmi çizgisinde sürdürmelerinde son hadde etkili olmuştur. Ben Gurion, Ben Zvi, Weizmann, Meyer, Katznelson gibi politika belirleyici ve yürütücü öncü liderler Histadrut’un işçi hükümeti denilebilecek işleyişinde başat rol üstlenmiştir. Histadrut’un devlet kurumuna giden yoldaki bu ulusal ve uluslararası çalışmaları, sendikaların kapasitelerin özellikle ulus inşasındaki rolleri ve sivil toplumu şekillendirme nitelikleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Örneklik, özelde emek etrafında şekillenen sendikalar, genelde üçüncü sektör oluşlarıyla etkililikleri nispeten düşük olan sivil toplum kuruluşlarının hem kapasite hem de devlet dışı faktör olma sıfatlarını tartışmaya açık hale getirmektedir.
This master's thesis entitled “An Effective Trade Union in the Establishment of Israel” explores the organizational structure of Histadrut within the framework of the preconceived assumption that unions function as civil society organizations. Examining Histadrut's activities across various sectors such as economy, health, culture and education, and its role in organizing a stateless population during the process leading to the establishment of Israel. This research delves into the transformation of conventional soft power activities of civil society organizations, acknowledging the undeniable impact of revolutionary structures within unions. The activities of non-governmental organizations, ostensibly independent from the state but still under its supervision, have undergone a transformation due to the undeniable influence of revolutionary structures within unions. The concept of labor, particularly its rise after the 19th century, served as a catalyst for intense changes driven by labor movements. Subsequently, one of the major sparks was ignited in 1920 in Palestine by Histadrut, laying the groundwork for the state established 28 years later through the principles of labor Zionism. Distinguishing itself from similar unions worldwide, the Jewish union not only focused on acquiring and safeguarding workers' rights, but also actively utilized these efforts to shape the ideological, systemic, and legal foundations of the envisioned state. The managerial experiences of key figures within Histadrut, especially those who came with the second mass migration (aliyah), played a crucial role in steering the post-state formation political process within the framework of ashkenazi-dominated labor zionism. Leaders such as Ben Gurion, Ben Zvi, Weizmann, Meyer, and Katznelson played a central role in the functioning of what can be termed as the labor government of Histadrut. Histadrut's national and international efforts on the path to statehood underscore the necessity of evaluating the capacities of unions within the broader context of their roles in nation-building and shaping civil society. The exemplary nature of unions, particularly those centered around labor, challenges the effectiveness of civil society organizations in the third sector, both in terms of capacity and their status as non-state actors.
This master's thesis entitled “An Effective Trade Union in the Establishment of Israel” explores the organizational structure of Histadrut within the framework of the preconceived assumption that unions function as civil society organizations. Examining Histadrut's activities across various sectors such as economy, health, culture and education, and its role in organizing a stateless population during the process leading to the establishment of Israel. This research delves into the transformation of conventional soft power activities of civil society organizations, acknowledging the undeniable impact of revolutionary structures within unions. The activities of non-governmental organizations, ostensibly independent from the state but still under its supervision, have undergone a transformation due to the undeniable influence of revolutionary structures within unions. The concept of labor, particularly its rise after the 19th century, served as a catalyst for intense changes driven by labor movements. Subsequently, one of the major sparks was ignited in 1920 in Palestine by Histadrut, laying the groundwork for the state established 28 years later through the principles of labor Zionism. Distinguishing itself from similar unions worldwide, the Jewish union not only focused on acquiring and safeguarding workers' rights, but also actively utilized these efforts to shape the ideological, systemic, and legal foundations of the envisioned state. The managerial experiences of key figures within Histadrut, especially those who came with the second mass migration (aliyah), played a crucial role in steering the post-state formation political process within the framework of ashkenazi-dominated labor zionism. Leaders such as Ben Gurion, Ben Zvi, Weizmann, Meyer, and Katznelson played a central role in the functioning of what can be termed as the labor government of Histadrut. Histadrut's national and international efforts on the path to statehood underscore the necessity of evaluating the capacities of unions within the broader context of their roles in nation-building and shaping civil society. The exemplary nature of unions, particularly those centered around labor, challenges the effectiveness of civil society organizations in the third sector, both in terms of capacity and their status as non-state actors.