Publication: İbn Sînâ ve Fahreddin Râzî'nin mahiyet teorileri : özcülük açısından karşılaştırmalı bir tahlil
Abstract
Özcülük, şeylerin gerçek olduğunu ve ne ise o olmalarını sağlayan özsel özellikler ile ilineksel özelliklere sahip olduklarını ileri süren metafiziksel bir görüştür. Modern dönemde klasik metafiziğin elenmesiyle birlikte öz fikri de felsefî düşünceden elenmiştir. Tezimizde İbn Sînâ'nın (ö.1037) ve Fahreddin Râzî'nin (ö.1209) mahiyet teorilerinin özcülük açısından tahlili yapılmıştır. Öncelikle modern dönemde özcülüğün nasıl elendiği merkezde Kant (ö.1804) olmak üzere Kant sonrası filozofların düşünceleri üzerinden tahlil edilmiş, sonrasında çağdaş düşüncede belirli isimler üzerinden özcülük tartışmalarının seyri ortaya konmuştur. Epistemolojik ve ontolojik düzeyde mahiyetin İbn Sînâ açısından konumu ortaya konduktan sonra özcülük açısından tahlili hem filozofun kendi eserleri üzerinden hem de modern dönem filozoflarının öz fikrini eleştirirken dikkate aldıkları parametreler ile çağdaş dönem filozoflarının benimsedikleri özcülük türleri açısından yapılmıştır. Fahreddin Râzî'nin mahiyet düşüncesi ise yine kendi eserleri üzerinden problematik bir tahlille ortaya konmuş, mahiyet düşüncesinin özcülük açısından tahlili ise İbn Sînâ ile karşılaştırmalı olarak kendi düşüncesi itibariyle ve modern-çağdaş dönem düşünürlerinin özcülüğe ilişkin fikirleri açısından yapılmıştır.
Essentialism is a metaphysical view that states that things are real and have essential properties that enable them to be what they are, and accidental properties. In the modern period, wiht the elimination of classical metaphysics, the idea of quiddity was also eliminated from philosophical thought. In our thesis, the quiddity theories of Avicenna (d.1037) and Fahr al-Din al-Razi (d.1209) have been analyzed in terms of essentialism. First of all, how essentialism was eliminated in the modern period was analyzed through the thoughts of post-Kantian philosophers, especially Kant, afterwards the course of the debates on essentialism through certain names in comtemporary thought has been revealed. After revealing the position of the quiddity in terms of Avicenna at the epistemological and ontological level, its analysis in terms of essentialism was made both through the philosopher's own works and in terms of the parameters that modern philosophers took into account when criticizing their own ideas and the types of essentialism adopted by comtemporary philosophers. On the other hand, Fahreddin Razi's idea of quiddity was presented with a problematic analysis through his own works, and the analysis of the idea of essence in terms of essentialism was made in comparison with Avicenna in terms of his own thought and the ideas of modern-contemporary thinkers about essentialism.
Essentialism is a metaphysical view that states that things are real and have essential properties that enable them to be what they are, and accidental properties. In the modern period, wiht the elimination of classical metaphysics, the idea of quiddity was also eliminated from philosophical thought. In our thesis, the quiddity theories of Avicenna (d.1037) and Fahr al-Din al-Razi (d.1209) have been analyzed in terms of essentialism. First of all, how essentialism was eliminated in the modern period was analyzed through the thoughts of post-Kantian philosophers, especially Kant, afterwards the course of the debates on essentialism through certain names in comtemporary thought has been revealed. After revealing the position of the quiddity in terms of Avicenna at the epistemological and ontological level, its analysis in terms of essentialism was made both through the philosopher's own works and in terms of the parameters that modern philosophers took into account when criticizing their own ideas and the types of essentialism adopted by comtemporary philosophers. On the other hand, Fahreddin Razi's idea of quiddity was presented with a problematic analysis through his own works, and the analysis of the idea of essence in terms of essentialism was made in comparison with Avicenna in terms of his own thought and the ideas of modern-contemporary thinkers about essentialism.
Description
Keywords
Accidental properties, Avicenna, 980-1037, Essential, Essentialism, Fahreddin Râzî, Fahreddin Razi, 1149 veya 50-120, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Islamic philosophy, İbn Sina, İbn Sînâ, İbn Sina, 980-1037, İlineksel özellikler, İslam felsefesi, Mahiyet, Özcülük, özellikler, Özsel, properties, Quiddity, Razi, Fakhr al-Din Muhammad ibn Umar, 1149 or 50-1210