Publication: Kaplı ve güçlü bağlara dayalı sosyal sermayede değişim: Türkiye örgütsel yaşamında İslami sosyal sermayenin yapısal evrimi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal ilişkilerin değişimi konusundaki kuramlardan hareketle, köklü normlara sahip, güçlü ve kapalı ağ ilişkilerinin, yeni kaynaklar ve fırsatları değerlendirme potansiyeli olması durumunda ne ölçüde değiştiğinin tespit edilmesidir. Potansiyel fırsatlar olması, değişme eğiliminin olacağını göstermektir. Bu eğilimde neoliberal normların yaygınlığı değişime meşruiyet sağlayarak değişimi kolaylaştırmıştır. Araştırmada Türkiye bağlamında islami yönüyle örgütsel yaşamda etkili olan 40 ailenin (Tuskon, Müsiad, Askon, Tümsiad üyesi) ilişki ağları belirli iki period üzerinden (1980 – 2000 ve 2001 – 2015) ağdüzeneği yöntemi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular; “dini” eksen etrafında örgütlenen güvene dayalı güçlü, kapalı ilişkilerin, neoliberal normların yayılmaya başladığı 1980 ve sonrası süreçte, kendi içlerindeki yoğunluğunun azaldığını, dışarıyla bağlantıların, farklı ilişki ağları arasında köprü görevi üstlenen aracılık rollerinin ve yapısal boşlukları kullanma kapasitelerinin arttığını göstermektedir. Geçirilen değişimi, güvene dayalı güçlü, kapalı ilişkilerden, gevşek ve çıkara dayalı yapılara geçiş gibi kesin bir sonuca vardırmak için başka verilere ihtiyaç olsa da araştırma sonucunda yerleşik ve güvene dayalı ilişkilerin geçmişe kıyasla daha gevşek ve kendini kapalılıktan kurtaran bir yapıya yöneldiği açıkça görülmektedir. Sosyal sermaye, ağ kuramı, ağ değişim kuramı, islami ilişkiler, neoliberal normlar
The objective of this study, based on theories about the change of social relationships, is to determine at what degree strong and closed network relations which have established norms, change, in case there is potential to act upon new sources and opportunities. Potential opportunities indicate tendency to change. Widespread neoliberal norms provide legitimacy and ease change through this tendency. In this study, the network relations of 40 families which are important in the organizational structure of Turkey and are members of organizations known through their islamic tendencies, are compared using social network analysis. Two periods are compared, one is between 1980-2000, and the second is between 2001-2015. The findings indicate that strong and closed relationships based on trust through religion axis, have lost their intensity within themselves, and their relationships with the outside, their intermediary roles which act as bridges among different networks, and their capacities to use the structural holes, have increased, after 1980 which is the milestone year for the spread of neoliberal norms. Although we need more data to confirm that this transformation was from strong and closed relationships based on trust, to more flexible relations based on mutual benefits, the study findings clearly indicate that permanent trust based relations evolve to a more flexible and open structure, when compared with previous periods. Social capital, network theory, network change theory, Islamic relations, neoliberal norms.
The objective of this study, based on theories about the change of social relationships, is to determine at what degree strong and closed network relations which have established norms, change, in case there is potential to act upon new sources and opportunities. Potential opportunities indicate tendency to change. Widespread neoliberal norms provide legitimacy and ease change through this tendency. In this study, the network relations of 40 families which are important in the organizational structure of Turkey and are members of organizations known through their islamic tendencies, are compared using social network analysis. Two periods are compared, one is between 1980-2000, and the second is between 2001-2015. The findings indicate that strong and closed relationships based on trust through religion axis, have lost their intensity within themselves, and their relationships with the outside, their intermediary roles which act as bridges among different networks, and their capacities to use the structural holes, have increased, after 1980 which is the milestone year for the spread of neoliberal norms. Although we need more data to confirm that this transformation was from strong and closed relationships based on trust, to more flexible relations based on mutual benefits, the study findings clearly indicate that permanent trust based relations evolve to a more flexible and open structure, when compared with previous periods. Social capital, network theory, network change theory, Islamic relations, neoliberal norms.