Publication: 2000 ve 2001 yıllarında Türk Bankacılık sektöründe yapılan yasal ve kurumsal düzenlemeler
Abstract
M.Ö. 3500'lü yıllarda, ticaret hacminin başlangıçta ülke içindeki insanlar arasında, daha sonra da ülkelerarasında artmasıyla, tahsil ve ödemelerin sağlıklı ve güvenli işleyişinin temin edilmesi ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmış ve böylece bankacılık sisteminin oluşumu başlamıştır. Geçen zaman içindeki gelişmeler bankaları, finansal kesimin en önemli ve en büyük oyuncuları haline getirmiştir. Bu önem dolayısıyla bankalar, içinde bulunduğu finansal piyasayı etkileyen ve bu piyasadaki gelişmelerden direkt olarak etkilenen kurumlar haline gelmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada Kasım 2000 ve Şubat 2001 dönemlerinde Türk ekonomisinde yaşanan krizler öncesinde ve sonrasındaki Türk Bankacılık sektörü yapısı incelenmiş, sektörün bu krizlerden nasıl etkilendiği ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Türk ekonomisinde yaşanan bu son krizler, ekonomi tarihinde yaşanan krizlerle karşılaştırıldığında, etkisi ve sonuçları itibariyle en ağır hissedilenleri olmuşlardır. Bunun en önemli nedeni; bu sorunların giderilmesine yönelik radikal tedbirlerin alınmaya ve kurumsal düzenlemelerin yapılmaya başlanmış olmasıdır. Her değişimde olduğu gibi bu yeni yapı, teorik açıdan ne kadar mükemmel olsa da, etkileri ekonomideki oyuncular açısından sancılı olmuştur. Çalışmada belirtildiği gibi teorik olarak kurgusu başarılı yapılan bu düzenlemelerden bazılarının, uygulamaya aynı başarıyla konulamadığı görülmüştür. Türk Bankacılık sektöründeki kırılganlığın; öncelikle sermaye yetersizliği, plansız büyüme, etkin bir aktif-pasif yönetiminin bulunmaması, kamu bankalarının sistem içerisindeki yüksek payı, yetersiz iç kontrol, risk yönetimi ve kurumsal yönetişim gibi nedenlerden kaynaklandığı görülmüştür. 2000 ve 2001 yıllarında yapılan yasal ve kurumsal düzenlemeler öncelikle bu aksaklıkların giderilmesini hedeflemiş ve Türk bankacılık sektörünün geleceğini önemli derecede etkileyecek kurumsal yapı oluşturulmaya başlanmıştır.
THE LEGAL AND CORPORATE REGULATIONS THAT WERE SET IN THE TURKISH BANKING SECTOR IN 2000 – 2001 In the years of BC 3500's, due to the increasing amount of trading not only between the people in the beginning but also between the nations later, the requirement of providing the collections and payments in safety has been appeared; thus the formation of the banking system has been started. By the devolopments that have been vanished in the passed years, the banks had become as the most significant and the effective players in the financial system. With this study, the structure of the Turkish banking system and the effects of the crises which revealed on November 2000 and February 2001 are inspected. When comparing with the crises in the history of the Turkish economy, these last crises, are the most impressive ones regarding to the effects and the results. The most important reason of this is starting to take radical precautions in order to avoid these problems and to make corporate regulations. However the teoric structure is perfect, as in every structural changes, the effects of these new regulations had been difficult. As it is mentioned in the study, it is a fact that some of the regulations which were succesfully setted in theory did not get the same success while putting in practise. It seems that the vulnerability of the banking system is because of the reasons such as inadequate capital, unplanned growth, non-efficient asset-liability management, the height of the share of the public banks in the system, insufficiency of internal control, risk management and corporate governance. It is fixed that the regulations that have been formed had primarily targeted to remove these breakdowns and the corporate structure, that is going to have an important effect on the Turkish economy, is started.
THE LEGAL AND CORPORATE REGULATIONS THAT WERE SET IN THE TURKISH BANKING SECTOR IN 2000 – 2001 In the years of BC 3500's, due to the increasing amount of trading not only between the people in the beginning but also between the nations later, the requirement of providing the collections and payments in safety has been appeared; thus the formation of the banking system has been started. By the devolopments that have been vanished in the passed years, the banks had become as the most significant and the effective players in the financial system. With this study, the structure of the Turkish banking system and the effects of the crises which revealed on November 2000 and February 2001 are inspected. When comparing with the crises in the history of the Turkish economy, these last crises, are the most impressive ones regarding to the effects and the results. The most important reason of this is starting to take radical precautions in order to avoid these problems and to make corporate regulations. However the teoric structure is perfect, as in every structural changes, the effects of these new regulations had been difficult. As it is mentioned in the study, it is a fact that some of the regulations which were succesfully setted in theory did not get the same success while putting in practise. It seems that the vulnerability of the banking system is because of the reasons such as inadequate capital, unplanned growth, non-efficient asset-liability management, the height of the share of the public banks in the system, insufficiency of internal control, risk management and corporate governance. It is fixed that the regulations that have been formed had primarily targeted to remove these breakdowns and the corporate structure, that is going to have an important effect on the Turkish economy, is started.