Publication: Özel öğrenme güçlüğü olan ilkokul öğrencilerinin okuma performansını yordayan değişkenlerin incelenmesi
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, özel öğrenme güçlüğü (ÖÖG) olan ilkokul öğrencilerinin okuma performansını yordayan değişkenler incelenmiştir. Bağımlı değişken olarak okuma bileşik puanı, bağımsız değişkenler olarak ise çalışma belleği (ÇB), hızlı isimlendirme (Hİ), kitap sahipliği, aylık okunan ortalama kitap sayısı ile bireylerin tanı aldıktan sonra destek eğitim odası (DEO) ve özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezinden (ÖERM) yararlanma süreleri belirlenmiştir. İlk olarak, bağımsız değişkenlerin okuma bileşik puanını yordama düzeyleri incelenmiş, ardından bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiye bakılmıştır. Ayrıca, tüm değişkenler için cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyine göre karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya İstanbul’da ikamet eden 69 ÖÖG olan ilkokul öğrencisi dahil edilmiştir. Veri toplama araçları olarak; Çalışma Belleği Ölçeği (ÇBÖ), Hızlı İsimlendirme Testi (HİT), Okuma Yazma Değerlendirme Bataryasının (OYAB) Okuma Testi ile demografik bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi istatistik kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi verilerin normal dağılım göstermediğini ortaya koymuştur. ÇB, Hİ, kitap sahipliği, aylık olarak okunan ortalama kitap sayısı, DEO ve ÖERM’den yararlanma sürelerinin okuma performansı üzerindeki yordayıcı etkisi çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi ile yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, ÇB ve Hİ, okuma performansını yordayan değişkenler olarak öne çıkmıştır. Bu iki değişken, okuma performansındaki varyansın yaklaşık %32’sini açıklamaktadır. Veriler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için, normal dağılım sağlanamadığından Spearman sıralama korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır. ÇB genel puanı ile okuma bileşik puanı arasında düşük ancak anlamlı pozitif bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Bu sonuca göre, ÇB düzeyi artıkça okuma performansının da artması beklenmektedir. Diğer değişkenler ile okuma bileşik puanı arasında anlamlı ilişki elde edilmemiştir. Aylık olarak okunan ortalama kitap sayısı ile kitap sahipliği arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. DEO’ya gitme süresi ile ÖERM’e gitme süresi arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Karşılaştırma analizlerinde, cinsiyetin değişkenler üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmamıştır. Ancak, sınıf düzeyi açısından okuma bileşik puanı ve ÖERM’e gitme süresi arasında anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Bulgular doğrultusunda, eğitim programlarında Hİ ve ÇB gibi bilişsel süreçlere odaklanılması önerilmektedir.
In this study, the variables predicting the reading performance of primary school students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) were examined. The dependent variable was the composite reading score, while the independent variables included working memory (WM), rapid automatized naming (RAN), book ownership, average monthly number of books read, and the duration of support received from the resource room (RR) and special education and rehabilitation centers (SERC) after the individuals were diagnosed. First, the predictive power of the independent variables on the composite reading score was examined, followed by an analysis of the relationships between the dependent and independent variables. Additionally, comparisons were made based on gender and grade level for all variables. The study included 69 elementary school students with SLD residing in Istanbul. Data collection tools included the Working Memory Scale (WMS), the Rapid Automatized Naming Test (RAN Test), the Reading Test from the Reading-Writing Evaluation Battery (RWEB), and a demographic information form. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed the data did not follow a normal distribution. The predictive effects of WM, RAN, book ownership, the average number of books read monthly, RR and SERC attendance duration on reading performance were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the enter method. The analysis revealed that WM and RAN were the main predictors of reading performance. These two variables explained approximately 32% of the variance in reading performance. Because normality was violated, Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to examine relationships between the variables. A low but statistically significant positive relationship was found between the general WM score and the composite reading score. This suggests that as WM level increases, reading performance is also expected to improve. No significant relationship was found between the other variables and the composite reading score. A low-level positive significant relationship was found between the average number of books read monthly and book ownership. A low-level positive significant relationship was also found between the duration of attending RR and SERC. Comparison analyses revealed that gender had no significant effect on the variables, but significant differences were found between grade levels regarding the composite reading score and the duration of attending SERC. Based on the findings, it is recommended to focus on cognitive processes such as RAN and WM in educational programs.
In this study, the variables predicting the reading performance of primary school students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) were examined. The dependent variable was the composite reading score, while the independent variables included working memory (WM), rapid automatized naming (RAN), book ownership, average monthly number of books read, and the duration of support received from the resource room (RR) and special education and rehabilitation centers (SERC) after the individuals were diagnosed. First, the predictive power of the independent variables on the composite reading score was examined, followed by an analysis of the relationships between the dependent and independent variables. Additionally, comparisons were made based on gender and grade level for all variables. The study included 69 elementary school students with SLD residing in Istanbul. Data collection tools included the Working Memory Scale (WMS), the Rapid Automatized Naming Test (RAN Test), the Reading Test from the Reading-Writing Evaluation Battery (RWEB), and a demographic information form. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed the data did not follow a normal distribution. The predictive effects of WM, RAN, book ownership, the average number of books read monthly, RR and SERC attendance duration on reading performance were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the enter method. The analysis revealed that WM and RAN were the main predictors of reading performance. These two variables explained approximately 32% of the variance in reading performance. Because normality was violated, Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to examine relationships between the variables. A low but statistically significant positive relationship was found between the general WM score and the composite reading score. This suggests that as WM level increases, reading performance is also expected to improve. No significant relationship was found between the other variables and the composite reading score. A low-level positive significant relationship was found between the average number of books read monthly and book ownership. A low-level positive significant relationship was also found between the duration of attending RR and SERC. Comparison analyses revealed that gender had no significant effect on the variables, but significant differences were found between grade levels regarding the composite reading score and the duration of attending SERC. Based on the findings, it is recommended to focus on cognitive processes such as RAN and WM in educational programs.
Description
Keywords
book ownership, book reading, Childiren with mental disabilities, çalışma belleği, Çocuklar, Zihinsel engelli, destek eğitim odası, Education, Eğitim, hızlı isimlendirme, kitap okuma Special education, kitap sahipliği, okuma, okuma güçlüğü, Özel eğitim, özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezi, özel öğrenme güçlüğü, rapid automatized naming, reading, reading difficulty, resource room, special education and rehabilitation center, specific learning disability, working memory
