Publication: Tünellerin havaladırma sistemleri ve Bolu tüneli uygulaması
Abstract
TÜNELLERİN HAVALANDIRMA SİSTEMLERİ VE BOLU TÜNELİ UYGULAMASI Taşıt tünellerinin, ulaşım sistemlerinde önemli bir yeri vardır. Tüneller, karayollarının bütünleyici bir parçasını oluşturmakla birlikte aşılması güç coğrafi engeller aşılarak yaşamımızın bir parçası olan ulaşımı mesafeleri kısaltmak suretiyle kolaylaştırmaktadır. Suyun altındaki karayollarından dünyadaki farklı ülkelerin dağlarına kadar geniş bir uygulama alanına sahiptir. Türkiye engebeli coğrafi yapısı nedeniyle çok sayıda karayolu tüneline sahiptir. Tünel içindeki taşıt motorlarında kullanılan yakıtlardan ortaya çıkan yoğun kirli hava, insan sağlığını önemli ölçüde tehdit etmekte ve bu kirli havanın dışarıya atılabilmesi için havalandırma sisteminin yapılması gereklidir. Ayrıca karayolları tünellerinde olabilecek kazalarda veya herhangi bir nedenle meydana gelebilecek yangınlarda havalandırma sistemlerinin havayı yönlendirmek ve tahliye etmek gibi önemli rolü vardır. Burada esas olan tünel havalandırma prensibinin, kirli hava yoğunluğunun temiz hava ile seyreltilerek kabul edilebilir düzeylere indirilmesi esasına dayanmasıdır. Bilindiği üzere Bolu Dağı Tüneli yapım aşaması coğrafi engeller ve doğal afetlerden dolayı uzun yıllar sürmüş ve tünelin yapımında Türkiye’deki güvenlik kriterleri, Avrupa Parlemontosu ve Konseyinin tüneller için hazırladığı, Trans-Avrupa karayolu ağı tünelleri için minimum güvenlik gereksinimleri referans alınıp diğer kaynaklardan da faydalanılarak tünel güvenliği proje kriterleri esas alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bolu Dağı Tünelinde araçların herhangi bir nedenle (trafik kazası, araç arızası vb.) zorunlu beklemesi durumunda biriken kirliliği hesaplama modeli geliştirmek ve bundan yola çıkarak Bolu Dağı Tünelinde kullanılan havalandırma sisteminin etkinliğini araştırmaktır.
VENTILATION SYSTEMS OF TUNNELS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BOLU TUNNEL Vehicle tunnels have an important place in the transportation systems. Tunnels are not only a completive part of highways but also, at the same time, make our lives easier going beyond the geographic barriers, which is hard to be overcome, by shortening distances. They have a wide applying space from the highways under water to the mountains in different countries of the world. Turkey has many highway tunnels due to its roughness geography. Dense pollution coming from the engines of vehicles in the tunnels can be threatening human health. Ventilation systems must be constructed to be booted this polluted weather out. In addition, these systems have great roles in the accidents, which will be able to happen in highway tunnels or in the fires, which will be able to become with any reason, to direct and to release weather. Here, basic thing is that the tunnel ventilation principle depends on the basis that the level of pollutants concentration is lowered with clear weather by being attenuated and thus is landed on the acceptable ranks. The constructive process of the tunnel of Bolu Mountain took a long time due to geographic obstacles and natural catastrophes as being known. In the construction of the tunnel, Turkish security criteria, the minimal security requisites for the tunnels of the Trans-European highway networks prepared by the European Parliament and Consul are taken as references. The project criteria of tunnel security are taken bases by profiting from other resources. The goal of this work is to improve a model to calculate dirtiness accumulated in the Bolu Mountain Tunnel if vehicles wait in the tunnel because of any compulsive reason such as traffic accident, vehicle breakdown etc and, from the mentioned point, to increase the effectiveness of the ventilation system used in the Bolu Mountain Tunnel.
VENTILATION SYSTEMS OF TUNNELS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BOLU TUNNEL Vehicle tunnels have an important place in the transportation systems. Tunnels are not only a completive part of highways but also, at the same time, make our lives easier going beyond the geographic barriers, which is hard to be overcome, by shortening distances. They have a wide applying space from the highways under water to the mountains in different countries of the world. Turkey has many highway tunnels due to its roughness geography. Dense pollution coming from the engines of vehicles in the tunnels can be threatening human health. Ventilation systems must be constructed to be booted this polluted weather out. In addition, these systems have great roles in the accidents, which will be able to happen in highway tunnels or in the fires, which will be able to become with any reason, to direct and to release weather. Here, basic thing is that the tunnel ventilation principle depends on the basis that the level of pollutants concentration is lowered with clear weather by being attenuated and thus is landed on the acceptable ranks. The constructive process of the tunnel of Bolu Mountain took a long time due to geographic obstacles and natural catastrophes as being known. In the construction of the tunnel, Turkish security criteria, the minimal security requisites for the tunnels of the Trans-European highway networks prepared by the European Parliament and Consul are taken as references. The project criteria of tunnel security are taken bases by profiting from other resources. The goal of this work is to improve a model to calculate dirtiness accumulated in the Bolu Mountain Tunnel if vehicles wait in the tunnel because of any compulsive reason such as traffic accident, vehicle breakdown etc and, from the mentioned point, to increase the effectiveness of the ventilation system used in the Bolu Mountain Tunnel.