Publication: Ümraniye ilçesindeki 3-6 yaşlardaki çocuklarda bildirilen ve ölçülen çevresel tütün dumanı maruziyetinin karşılaştırılması
Abstract
1.ÖZET Haziran 2003-Şubat 2006 tarihlerinde Kazım Karabekir Mahallesindeki 3-6 yaşlardaki 341 çocukla yapılan bu kesitsel araştırmada, çocuklarda evdeki Çevresel Tütün Dumanı maruziyeti, anket formu ile ailelere sorarak ve idrarda kotinin ölçümü yapılarak incelenmiştir. İdrar kotinin ölçümleri Marmara Üniversitesi Farmasötik Kimya nda HPLC (high performance liquid crmotography-yüksek basınçlı sıvı kromotografisi) yöntemiyle çalışılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan çocukların; %73,3’ünde (n=250) kotinin hesaplanmıştır, ortalama idrar kotinin düzeyi 4,8 mg/ ml’dir. Eşik değer 10,0 ng/ ml alındığında, çocukların %14,4’ü Çevresel Tütün Dumanına maruzdur. Annelerin %46,6’sı ve babaların %89,3’ü halen sigara içmektedir. Annesi sigara içen ve babaları evde sigara içen çocukların kotinin düzeyleri içmeyenlerden yüksektir. Anne/ baba tarafından çocuğun yanında günde içilen sigara sayısı arttıkça çocuğun kotinin düzeyi artmaktadır. Oda başına 4,1 ve daha çok kişi düşen hanelerde yaşayan çocukların kotinin düzeyleri, oda başına daha az kişi düşen hanelerde yaşayanlardan yüksektir. Kotinin varlığı; çocuğun yanında içmediğini bildiren ebeveynlerin çocuklarında en az, çocuğunu uzaklaştırdığını bildirenlerin çocuklarında en yüksek orandadır. Çocuklarının sigara dumanına maruziyetinin olduğunu bildiren ebeveynlerle olmadığını bildirenler arasında kotinin varlığı açısından fark bulunmamıştır. Çocuklarının sigara dumanına maruz olduğunu bildiren ebeveynler maruz olmadığını bildirenlerden daha fazla sigara içmektedir ve anne/ baba tarafından çocuğun yanında içilen sigara sayısı ile annenin içtiği sigara sayısı, maruz değildir diyenlerden yüksektir. Araştırmada görüşülen kişilerin sigaranın sağlığa zararları konusunda fikir sahibi oldukları ancak bu fikirlerin henüz sigara bırakma yönünde davranışa dönüşmediği düşünülebilir. Sigara içmenin önlenmesi, gelecek kuşakların sağlık kalitesi açısından önemlidir. Ailesel bildirimleri ve biyolojik göstergeleri kullanan, daha fazla kanıt elde etmeyi sağlayacak çalışmaların yapılması önerilmiştir. 2.
“The comparison of reported and measured levels of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children aged 3-6 in the Umraniye district.” This cross-sectional study was conducted on 341 children of ages 3-6 living in Kazım Karabekir district on the amount of environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) they were exposed to at home. The reseach was done on June 2003-February 2006 by parental survey method and urine cotinine measuring. The urine cotinine measures were taken by the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the Marmara University’s Faculty of Pharmacy by HPLC(high performance liquid crmotography) method. Cotinine was detected in 73.3% of the (n=250) children and the mean value of urine cotinine was 4,8mg/ ml. 10,0ng/ ml taken as cut-off level %14.4 of the children were exposed to ETS. 46,6% of the mothers and 89,3% of the fathers are smokers. Children of smoking mothers and of fathers who smoke at home have higher cotinine levels compared to those whose parents do not. The child’s cotinine level rises in corelation to the number of cigarrettes smoked in the childs presence by their parents. The cotinine levels of children living in homes where the population per room is above 4.1 is higher than those with lower numbers of people per room. The existance of cotinine is minimum in children whose parents reported they did not smoke in the childs presence, and maximum in those, whose parents reported they took their child away while smoking. In terms of parental reports those who reported that their kid was exposed and those who reported otherwise have shown no difference in the existance of cotinine in their childs urine. Parents reporting that their child is exposed to tobacco smoke, are found to smoke more cigarettes in the childs presence, than those who report that their child is not exposed. The prevention of tobacco consumption is crutial in terms of the quality of health of the future generations. It is advised that further studies involving the education of the families and collecting public health concerning data should be conducted.
“The comparison of reported and measured levels of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in children aged 3-6 in the Umraniye district.” This cross-sectional study was conducted on 341 children of ages 3-6 living in Kazım Karabekir district on the amount of environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) they were exposed to at home. The reseach was done on June 2003-February 2006 by parental survey method and urine cotinine measuring. The urine cotinine measures were taken by the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the Marmara University’s Faculty of Pharmacy by HPLC(high performance liquid crmotography) method. Cotinine was detected in 73.3% of the (n=250) children and the mean value of urine cotinine was 4,8mg/ ml. 10,0ng/ ml taken as cut-off level %14.4 of the children were exposed to ETS. 46,6% of the mothers and 89,3% of the fathers are smokers. Children of smoking mothers and of fathers who smoke at home have higher cotinine levels compared to those whose parents do not. The child’s cotinine level rises in corelation to the number of cigarrettes smoked in the childs presence by their parents. The cotinine levels of children living in homes where the population per room is above 4.1 is higher than those with lower numbers of people per room. The existance of cotinine is minimum in children whose parents reported they did not smoke in the childs presence, and maximum in those, whose parents reported they took their child away while smoking. In terms of parental reports those who reported that their kid was exposed and those who reported otherwise have shown no difference in the existance of cotinine in their childs urine. Parents reporting that their child is exposed to tobacco smoke, are found to smoke more cigarettes in the childs presence, than those who report that their child is not exposed. The prevention of tobacco consumption is crutial in terms of the quality of health of the future generations. It is advised that further studies involving the education of the families and collecting public health concerning data should be conducted.