Publication: Physiological and genotoxic effects of aluminum and cadmium mixtures on bryophyllum daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet& H.Perrier) A. Berger plants in different concentrations
Abstract
ÖZETFarklı Konsantrasyonlardaki Alüminyum ve Kadmiyum KarışımlarınınBryophyllum Daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) A. Berger BitkisindekiFizyolojik ve Genotoksik EtkileriBu çalışmada, Cd ve Al elementlerinin Bryophyllum daigremontianum Raym-Hamet &H. Perrier (Kalanchoe) bitkisinde fizyolojik, genotoksik ve mineral beslenme özellikleriüzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Klonlar, Kalanchoe bitkisinin yaprak kenarlarından eldeedilerek yetiştirilmiş ve 0, 50, 100 ve 200 μM AlCl3 ve CdCl2 karışımına maruzbırakılmıştır. Al ve Cd birikiminin Kalanchoe klonlarına etkileri, büyüme parametreleri,fotosentetik pigmentler (klorofil a, b, toplam klorofil, klorofil a/ b ve karotenoidler), totalprotein, mineral besin elementleri (Cr, Ca, Cu, Mn, Fe, K, Mg ve Zn) ve ISSR-PCR,RAPD-PCR yöntemleri ile genotoksisite analizleri yapılarak araştırılmıştır. Mineral besinelementleri ölçümlerinde ICP-OES cihazı kullanılmıştır. Uygulanan Cd ve Alkonsantrasyonları ile bitkilerin büyüme parametrelerinde düşüş̧ gözlenmiştir. Cd ve Aluygulaması sonucu, gövde kuru ağırlığında sırasıyla (%) ~1.61 50 μM bitki uzunluğu vekalınlığında sırasıyla ~14.81 ve ~13.08 oranlarında, özellikle 200 μM konsantrasyonlardakontrole göre çok daha fazla düşüş gözlenmiştir. Cd ve Al stresi uygulanmış veuygulanmamış̧ bitkilerin analiz değerleri kıyaslandığında klorofil a % ~ 7.5, klorofil b% ~ 3.43, toplam klorofil % ~ 5.48, klorofil a/ b % ~ 8.09 karotenoid % ~ 7.66 oranlarındadüşüş gözlenmiştir. Total protein miktarında ise konsantrasyona bağlı olarak yükselmeolduğu gözlenmiştir; özellikle 200 μM konsantrasyonda % ~19.91 oranında önemli artıştespit edilmiştir. Mineral besin elementlerinin konsantrasyonlarında kontrol grubu ilekarşılaştırıldığında artan Cd ve Al konsantrasyonuyla doğru orantılı olarak (Ca, Mg, Zn,K, Mn) artışlar gözlenmiştir. Cu, Cr, Fe, içeriğinde ise ters orantılı olarak düşüş̧gözlenmiştir. Bitki besin elementlerinin değerlerinin (Ca, Cu, Cr, Fe, K, Mg) kökteazaldığı saptanmıştır. (Ca, Mg, Zn, K) elementlerinin yaprak ve gövdede arttığı ancakkökte düştüğü tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile çevresel toksikoloji, genotoksisite ve Cdve Al kirliliği araştırmalarında RAPD-ISSR tekniklerinin yararlı olabileceği görülmüştür.
ABSTRACTPhysiological and Genotoxic Effects of Aluminum and Cadmium Mixtures onBryophyllum daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) A. Berger Plants inDifferent ConcentrationsIn this study, the effects of Cadmium and Aluminium on genotoxicity and mineralnutrition of Bryophyllum daigremontianum Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier (Kalanchoe) wereinvestigated. New plants were obtained from bulbiferous spurs of B. daigremontianum.The plants were exposed to 0, 50, 100 and 200 μM AlCl3 and CdCl2 mixture. Herein, Aland Cd effects on some growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophylla-b-a/ b, carotenoids, total chlorophyll) total protein concentrations, mineral nutrition andgenotoxicty were examined. In addition to Al and Cd accumulation plants’ shoots, rootsand leaves, ICP-OES was used to analyze the effects of these elements ofn mineralnutrition. Increasing Cd and Al concentrations were slightly inhibited the growthparameters. In addition, there were significant decreases (%) by ~1.61 in dry weights at50 μM shoots and ~14.81 in lengths and 13.08 thicknesses of shoots under severe Cd andAl stresses (200 μM AlCl3 and CdCl2) respectively, when they were compared with thecontrol groups. B. daigremontianum Cd and Al exposed groups revealed gradualreductions of photosynthetic pigment contents (~7.5% for chlorophyll a, ~3.43% forchlorophyll b at 50 μM, ~ 5.48% for total chlorophyll, ~%8.09 for chlorophyll a/ b and~7.66% for carotenoids at 200 μM AlCl3 and CdCl2). The concentrations of some nutrients(Fe, Cr, Cu, Mg, Ca and K) were reduced while concentration of other elements weregradually increased (Mn) in roots by increasing Cd and Al exposures. Accumulations ofsome nutrients (K, Ca, Zn and Mg) were increased in leaves, and decreased (Mg, Ca andK) in shoots depending to applied dose and the plants parts. The total protein content inleaf samples were increased at dose-dependent way (~ 19.91% at 200 μM AlCl3 andCdCl2). Also, this study reveals that RAPD and ISSR techniques can be be applied asbiomarkers to detect genotoxic effects of Al and Cd pollution in plants.
ABSTRACTPhysiological and Genotoxic Effects of Aluminum and Cadmium Mixtures onBryophyllum daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) A. Berger Plants inDifferent ConcentrationsIn this study, the effects of Cadmium and Aluminium on genotoxicity and mineralnutrition of Bryophyllum daigremontianum Raym.-Hamet & H. Perrier (Kalanchoe) wereinvestigated. New plants were obtained from bulbiferous spurs of B. daigremontianum.The plants were exposed to 0, 50, 100 and 200 μM AlCl3 and CdCl2 mixture. Herein, Aland Cd effects on some growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment contents (chlorophylla-b-a/ b, carotenoids, total chlorophyll) total protein concentrations, mineral nutrition andgenotoxicty were examined. In addition to Al and Cd accumulation plants’ shoots, rootsand leaves, ICP-OES was used to analyze the effects of these elements ofn mineralnutrition. Increasing Cd and Al concentrations were slightly inhibited the growthparameters. In addition, there were significant decreases (%) by ~1.61 in dry weights at50 μM shoots and ~14.81 in lengths and 13.08 thicknesses of shoots under severe Cd andAl stresses (200 μM AlCl3 and CdCl2) respectively, when they were compared with thecontrol groups. B. daigremontianum Cd and Al exposed groups revealed gradualreductions of photosynthetic pigment contents (~7.5% for chlorophyll a, ~3.43% forchlorophyll b at 50 μM, ~ 5.48% for total chlorophyll, ~%8.09 for chlorophyll a/ b and~7.66% for carotenoids at 200 μM AlCl3 and CdCl2). The concentrations of some nutrients(Fe, Cr, Cu, Mg, Ca and K) were reduced while concentration of other elements weregradually increased (Mn) in roots by increasing Cd and Al exposures. Accumulations ofsome nutrients (K, Ca, Zn and Mg) were increased in leaves, and decreased (Mg, Ca andK) in shoots depending to applied dose and the plants parts. The total protein content inleaf samples were increased at dose-dependent way (~ 19.91% at 200 μM AlCl3 andCdCl2). Also, this study reveals that RAPD and ISSR techniques can be be applied asbiomarkers to detect genotoxic effects of Al and Cd pollution in plants.