Publication: Erişkin başlangıçlı kalıtsal metabolik hastalıklar: Tek merkez deneyimi
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Amaç: Kalıtsal metabolik hastalıklar (KMH), insan biyokimyasal yolaklarında görev alan tüm moleküllerin
kalıtsal bozukluklarını kapsayan oldukça geniş bir hastalık grubudur. Tedavi edilme potansiyelleri ile öne çıkan
KMH’lar, ilk bulgularını erişkin yaşta da verebilirler. Bu çalışma ile kliniğimizde erişkin yaşta kalıtsal metabolik
hastalık tanısı alan olguların klinik fenotipleri ve tanısal özellikleri derlenerek, bu konuda farkındalık yaratılması
amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Erişkin yaşta KMH tanısı almış olguların dosyaları geriye dönük olarak incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Yaşları 19-88 yıl arasında değişen, 14 aileden 39 erişkin olguya 9 özgül KMH tanısı konulmuştur;
Fabry Hastalığı (%59), Sitrin eksikliği (%10), Multipl açil-KoA dehidrogenaz eksikliği (%8), Alkaptonüri
(%8), Adrenolökodistrofi (%5), ve birer olgu ile Akut intermitan porfiri, Serebral kreatin transport bozukluğu,
Mitokondriyal nörogastrointestinal ensefalomiyelopati, Ornitin transkarbamilaz eksikliği. Olguların %80’i aile
taramasında, %18’i klinik bulgularla, %2’si selektif tarama ile tanı almıştır. Tanı esnasında olguların %77‘si
semptomatik, %23’ü asemptomatiktir. Semptomatik olguların hastanede ilk başvurdukları klinikler nöroloji (%30),
nefroloji (%14), göğüs hastalıkları (%14), ortopedi (%10), dahiliye (%7) ve kardiyolojidir (%7). Semptomatik
olguların %60’ına KMH tanısı biyokimyasal testler ile konulmuştur. Olgularımızın %93’ü için hastalığa spesifik
tedavi mevcut olup, ancak takipsizlik ya da tedavi reddi nedeniyle sadece %67’sine tedavi uygulanabilmiştir.
Sonuç: Erişkin başlangıçlı kalıtsal metabolik hastalıklar konusunda farkındalığın artması hastaların erken tedavi
olmalarını sağlayarak morbidite ve mortaliteyi azaltacaktır. Kalıtsal metabolizma hastalıkları alanında özelleşmiş
erişkin branş hekimlerinin yetişmesine ihtiyaç vardır.
Purpose: Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs), are genetic diseases of human biochemical pathways and can present at adulthood. IMDs, which stand out for their potential to be treated, can also make their first findings in adulthood. In this study, we aimed to document clinical and diagnostic features of the patients with adult onset IMDs in our clinic and to raise awareness on this subject. Materials and methods: Medical files of patients diagnosed with IMD at adulthood were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 39 adult cases from 14 families, aged between 19-88 years, were diagnosed with 9 specific IMDs; Fabry disease (59%), Citrin deficiency (10%), Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (8%), Alkaptonuria (8%), Adrenoleukodystrophy (5%), and Acute hepatic porphyria, Cerebral creatine transport defect, Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomylopathy, Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. The cases were diagnosed with family screening in 80%, clinical findings in 18%, and selective screening in 2%. 77% of the cases were symptomatic and 23% were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. The outpatient clinics where the symptomatic patients had first admitted were neurology (30%), nephrology (14%), chest diseases (14%), orthopedics (10%), internal medicine (7%) and cardiology (7%). In symptomatic cases, the diagnosis of IMD was made by biochemical tests in 60%. Disease-specific treatments were available for 93%, but 67% were treated due to patient refusal of treatment or lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality related to adult-onset inherited metabolic diseases can be reduced, by increasing awareness and timely management. There is a need for dedicated physicians, trained to diagnose and manage adult patients with IMDs.
Purpose: Inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs), are genetic diseases of human biochemical pathways and can present at adulthood. IMDs, which stand out for their potential to be treated, can also make their first findings in adulthood. In this study, we aimed to document clinical and diagnostic features of the patients with adult onset IMDs in our clinic and to raise awareness on this subject. Materials and methods: Medical files of patients diagnosed with IMD at adulthood were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 39 adult cases from 14 families, aged between 19-88 years, were diagnosed with 9 specific IMDs; Fabry disease (59%), Citrin deficiency (10%), Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (8%), Alkaptonuria (8%), Adrenoleukodystrophy (5%), and Acute hepatic porphyria, Cerebral creatine transport defect, Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomylopathy, Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. The cases were diagnosed with family screening in 80%, clinical findings in 18%, and selective screening in 2%. 77% of the cases were symptomatic and 23% were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. The outpatient clinics where the symptomatic patients had first admitted were neurology (30%), nephrology (14%), chest diseases (14%), orthopedics (10%), internal medicine (7%) and cardiology (7%). In symptomatic cases, the diagnosis of IMD was made by biochemical tests in 60%. Disease-specific treatments were available for 93%, but 67% were treated due to patient refusal of treatment or lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality related to adult-onset inherited metabolic diseases can be reduced, by increasing awareness and timely management. There is a need for dedicated physicians, trained to diagnose and manage adult patients with IMDs.
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ÖZTÜRK HİŞMİ B., "Erişkin başlangıçlı kalıtsal metabolik hastalıklar: Tek merkez deneyimi", Pamukkale Medical Journal, cilt.14, sa.3, ss.692-705, 2021
