Publication: Hisse senetleri borsaya kote edilmiş şirketlerde kurumsal yönetim kapsamında bağımsız denetim
Abstract
Son onbeş yirmi yıllık bir zaman diliminde büyük çaplı yönetici suistimallerinden kaynaklanan şirket iflasları şirket yönetimlerinin sorgulanmasını gündeme getirmiştir. Enron ve Parmalat gibi hisse senetleri borsaya kote edilmiş şirketlerde yaşanmış olan bu skandallar geniş yatırımcı kitlesini olumsuz olarak etkilemiş ve borsalara olan güveni sarsmıştır. Kurumsal yönetim, yaşanmış olan skandallara çözüm olarak yönetim modelleri içerisinde en çok kabul edilen bir sistem olmuştur. İngiltere’de Sir Adrian CADBURY başkanlığında toplanan komite tarafından 1992 yılında hazırlanmış olan bir raporla kurumsal yönetim gündeme gelmiştir. OECD’nin kurumsal yönetim konusunda 1999 yılında yayınlamış olduğu ilkeleri birçok ülkeler benimsemiş ve kendi ülke hukuk mevzuatına göre düzenlemelerde bulunmuşlardır. OECD yayınlamış olduklara bu ilkeleri 2004 yılında gözden geçirilmiş olarak tekrardan yayınlamıştır. OECD tarafından yayınlanmış olan bu ilkeler 5 ana başlık altında yayınlanmıştır. Bu ilkelerin 5. bölümünde yönetim kurulunun sorumlulukları yer almıştır. Böylece yönetim kurulları kurumsal yönetim kapsamında kontrol altına alınmışlardır. Kurumsal yönetim çerçevesinde ülkelerde uygulanan iki sistem vardır. Bunlardan Amerika ve İngiltere’nin de dahil olduğu Anglo-Sakson sistemi ve Almanya ve Japonya’nın da dahil olduğu Kıta Avrupası sistemidir. Kurumsal yönetimin temelinde şirketlerin yönetim kurullarının denetimi gelmektedir. Böylece şirketlerin yönetim kurulları denetlenerek yaşanmış olan skandalların önüne geçilmek istenmektedir. Tez çalışmasında, kurumsal yönetimin önemine yer verilmiştir. Bununla birlikte kurumsal yönetim kapsamında denetimin önemli yeri olduğundan denetim komitesinin yapmış olduğu denetim ve menfaat sahipleri tarafından yapılan denetim tezde yer almıştır. Bağımsız denetim ise kurumsal yönetimde en önemli denetim şeklidir. Çünkü yaşanmış olan şirket skandallarında bağımsız denetim kuruluşları da yer almıştır. 2002 tarihli Sarbanes-Oxley Yasası çerçevesinde bağımsız denetim tezde incelenmiştir.
Company bankruptcies that have been occurred because of the great director abuses in the fifteen or twenty years’ time, have put the topic of the examination of the company management into the agenda. Shares such as Enron and Parmalat have been quoted in the Stock Exchange, the scandals that have been faced with in the companies have affected the great investors in a negative way and the confidence towards the Stock Exchange has been shattered. Corporate Governance has been the mostly aggreable system between the management models that have been presented as a solution to the scandals encountered. Corporate Governance has been put on the agenda by a report prepared by the committee met in England in 1992 with the chairman Sir Adrian CADBURY. OECD Principles about the Corporate Governance in 1999 have been adopted by many countries and have been adjusted according to the country’s legislation. After a revision, OECD republished these principles in 2004. These principles have been published under 5 main titles . In the fifth chapter of those prınciples there have been the responsibilities of the board of the management. Thus, Boards of Management have been taken under control within the scope of corporate governance. There are two systems carried out in the countries according to corporate governance. One of these systems is the Anglo-Saxon system comprising America and England, and the other is Continent Europe which also includes Germany and Japan. Under the basis of corporate governance, the audit of companies’ boards of management lies. It is aimed to prevent the scandals that have been faced with before by the audit of the boards of management of the companies. In this thesis study the importance of the corporate governance is emphasized. Audit has an important function in the scope of corporate governance. Therefore audit by the audit committee and the audit by the beneficiaries have been taken place in this thesis. Independant external audit is the most important audit in corporate governance. Because independant external audit institutions have also taken place in the company scandals. Independant external audit has been examined in this thesis in accordance with 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Law.
Company bankruptcies that have been occurred because of the great director abuses in the fifteen or twenty years’ time, have put the topic of the examination of the company management into the agenda. Shares such as Enron and Parmalat have been quoted in the Stock Exchange, the scandals that have been faced with in the companies have affected the great investors in a negative way and the confidence towards the Stock Exchange has been shattered. Corporate Governance has been the mostly aggreable system between the management models that have been presented as a solution to the scandals encountered. Corporate Governance has been put on the agenda by a report prepared by the committee met in England in 1992 with the chairman Sir Adrian CADBURY. OECD Principles about the Corporate Governance in 1999 have been adopted by many countries and have been adjusted according to the country’s legislation. After a revision, OECD republished these principles in 2004. These principles have been published under 5 main titles . In the fifth chapter of those prınciples there have been the responsibilities of the board of the management. Thus, Boards of Management have been taken under control within the scope of corporate governance. There are two systems carried out in the countries according to corporate governance. One of these systems is the Anglo-Saxon system comprising America and England, and the other is Continent Europe which also includes Germany and Japan. Under the basis of corporate governance, the audit of companies’ boards of management lies. It is aimed to prevent the scandals that have been faced with before by the audit of the boards of management of the companies. In this thesis study the importance of the corporate governance is emphasized. Audit has an important function in the scope of corporate governance. Therefore audit by the audit committee and the audit by the beneficiaries have been taken place in this thesis. Independant external audit is the most important audit in corporate governance. Because independant external audit institutions have also taken place in the company scandals. Independant external audit has been examined in this thesis in accordance with 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Law.