Publication: Karışık teknik kullanılan sanatsal tekstillerde iplik sanatı
Abstract
Sanat Dünyasında 1950 – 1960 yıllarındaki malzeme odaklı hareketlilik, “Karışık Teknik” kavramını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Karışık teknik ya da yabancı terim olarak “Mixed media” en basit tanımıyla birden fazla malzeme veya teknik kullanılarak oluşturulan sanat eserlerini tanımlamak için kullanılan bir terimdir. Bu tez çalışmasına konu olan “Karışık Teknik Kullanılan Sanatsal Tekstillerde İplik Sanatı” ile, ipliğin eski zamanlarda kullanımından başlanarak “karışık teknik” kavramının ortaya çıkışından sonraki sanatsal etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda ilk bölümde “mixed media” (karışık teknik) kavramı incelenmiş, tekstil üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ipliğin tarihi ve üretim şekillerine değinilerek, iplik ile üretilen tekstillerin zanaat olarak kabul edildiği süreçten sanat dünyasına adım atarak geliştiği 20. yüzyıl sanatındaki rolü üzerinde durulmuştur. Çağdaş sanat dünyasında giderek daha fazla ilgi toplayan bir sanat dalı haline gelen iplik sanatı; yüzey tasarımı ve tekstil sanatıyla bağlantılı olup, ana malzeme olarak iplik kullanımını içermektedir. İplik yapısal özellik olarak esnek ve çeşitli bir malzeme olduğu için çalışmalarda da yenilikçi tasarımlar yapmaya olanak sağlamaktadır. İnce iplikler ile detaylar oluşturulabilirken kalın iplikler ile hacim yaratılabilir; farklı dokular, renkler ve teknikler birleştirilerek görsel etkiler oluşturulabilmektedir. Bu açıdan ipliğin sanattaki yeri incelenirken Karışık teknik kullanılan sanatsal tekstillerde ipliğin kullanım yöntemleri; el işi ve makine işi olarak gruplandırılarak belli başlı dikiş ve nakış tekniklerinde Türk ve yabancı terimlere (Sashiko, Boro, Mark Making, Smocking, Drawing With Thread) yer verilerek ipliğin kumaş yüzeyinde görsel ve dokusal etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu bölümün sonunda sanatçıların eserlerini oluştururken esinlendiği kaynaklar göz önünde bulundurularak çalışmalar; portre, doğa esinlenmeleri, mimari öğeler, serbest ve dokusal çalışmalar olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Son bölümde bu alana katkı sağlayan 7 tekstil sanatçısının kısa biyografilerine ve bu sanatçıların eserlerinde ipliği nasıl kullandıklarına değinilerek eserlerinden örneklere yer verilmiştir. Araştırmalar sonucunda 1950’lerden bu yana, çeşitli sanatsal stratejilerin de yardımıyla ‘Karışık teknik’ uygulamalarında ipliğin geniş bir kullanım alanı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The material-oriented movement in the 1950s and 1960s revealed the concept of Mixed Media. Mixed media is, in its simplest definition, a term used to describe works of art created using more than one material. With Thread Art in Mixed-Media Textiles which is the subject of this thesis study, it's aim to examine the artistic effects of thread after the emergence of the concept of mixed media, starting from its use in ancient times. In this context, in the first chapter, the concept of mixed media was examined and it's effects on textiles were explored. In the second part, the history of yarn and its production methods are touched upon, and its role in 20th century art is emphasized, where textiles produced with yarn developed by stepping into the world of art from the period when they were considered crafts. Thread art has become an art form that attracts more and more attention in the contemporary art world; It is linked to surface design and textile art and involves the use of yarn as the main material. Since yarn is a flexible and diverse material in terms of structural features, it allows making innovative designs in works. While details can be created with thin threads, volume can be created with thick threads; Visual effects can be created by combining different textures, colors and techniques. In this respect, while examining the place of thread in art, the methods of using thread in artistic textiles using mixed techniques are; The visual and textural effects of the thread on the fabric surface were examined by using Turkish and foreign terms (Sashiko, Boro, Mark Making, Smocking, Drawing With Thread) in major sewing and embroidery techniques, grouped as handcrafted and machine-crafted. At the end of this section, the works are taken into account, taking into account the sources that inspired the artists when creating their works; They are classified as portrait, nature inspirations, architectural elements, freehand and textural works. In the last section, short biographies of 7 textile artists who contributed to this field and how these artists used thread in their works are mentioned and examples of their works are given. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that thread has a wide range of usage areas in 'Mixed technique' applications with the help of various artistic strategies since the 1950s.
The material-oriented movement in the 1950s and 1960s revealed the concept of Mixed Media. Mixed media is, in its simplest definition, a term used to describe works of art created using more than one material. With Thread Art in Mixed-Media Textiles which is the subject of this thesis study, it's aim to examine the artistic effects of thread after the emergence of the concept of mixed media, starting from its use in ancient times. In this context, in the first chapter, the concept of mixed media was examined and it's effects on textiles were explored. In the second part, the history of yarn and its production methods are touched upon, and its role in 20th century art is emphasized, where textiles produced with yarn developed by stepping into the world of art from the period when they were considered crafts. Thread art has become an art form that attracts more and more attention in the contemporary art world; It is linked to surface design and textile art and involves the use of yarn as the main material. Since yarn is a flexible and diverse material in terms of structural features, it allows making innovative designs in works. While details can be created with thin threads, volume can be created with thick threads; Visual effects can be created by combining different textures, colors and techniques. In this respect, while examining the place of thread in art, the methods of using thread in artistic textiles using mixed techniques are; The visual and textural effects of the thread on the fabric surface were examined by using Turkish and foreign terms (Sashiko, Boro, Mark Making, Smocking, Drawing With Thread) in major sewing and embroidery techniques, grouped as handcrafted and machine-crafted. At the end of this section, the works are taken into account, taking into account the sources that inspired the artists when creating their works; They are classified as portrait, nature inspirations, architectural elements, freehand and textural works. In the last section, short biographies of 7 textile artists who contributed to this field and how these artists used thread in their works are mentioned and examples of their works are given. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that thread has a wide range of usage areas in 'Mixed technique' applications with the help of various artistic strategies since the 1950s.