Publication: Sovyetler Birliği – Ortadoğu ekonomik ilişkileri ; Mısır, Irak ve Suriye örneği (1950-1980)
Abstract
SSCB, Ortadoğu, Ekonomik İlişkiler ÖZET SOVYETLER BİRLİĞİ – ORTADOĞU EKONOMİK İLİŞKİLERİ; MISIR, IRAK VE SURİYE ÖRNEĞİ (1950-1980) Bu tez çalışmasında 1950-1980 yıllarında SSCB ve Ortadoğu arasındaki ekonomik ilişkiler ele alınmaktadır. Bu 30 yıl sürecinde Sovyetler Birliği’ni üç güçlü lider yönetmektedir: Stalin, Kruşçev ve Brejnev. Üç Sovyet liderinin yönetimi SSCB’nin ABD ile Soğuk Savaş sergilediği dönemde gerçekleşmiştir. ABD ile olan rekabet Sovyetler Birliği’nin dış siyasetini ve ülkelere yönelik tutumunu son derece etkilemiş ve Dünya’nın Kapitalist ve Sosyalist kutuplar bünyesinde benimsenmesine neden olmuştur. Ortadoğu bu durumda Sovyetler Birliği ve ABD arasındaki rekabet sahasına dönüşmüştür. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun dağılmasından sonra yeni kurulmuş rejimleri kendi taraflarına çekme çabaları iki süper gücü bölgede siyasi ve iktisadi açıdan çok etkin yapmıştır. Mısır, Irak ve Suriye gibi ülkelerin milliyetçi güçlerinin sosyalist tarzı siyaset benimsemeleri Sovyetler Birliği’ne bu ülkelere büyük finansal ve teknik yardımda bulunarak iç siyasetlerini etkileme fırsatı tanımıştır. Ne var ki Sovyetlerin ekonomik yardımları Brejnev döneminde tepeye ulaşmasına rağmen siyasi açıdan hiçbir avantaj sağlamamış ve Gorbaçov’un iktidara gelmesinden sonra gereksiz ve Sovyet ekonomisi için zararlı bulunarak SSCB’de yeni siyasi çizginin meydana gelmesine neden olmuştur. USSR, the Middle East, Economic Relations
THE USSR AND THE MIDDLE EAST ECONOMIC RELATIONS; BY EGYPT, IRAQ AND SYRIA EXAMPLES (1950-1980) In our research paper we analysed economic relationships between the USSR and the Middle East in 30 years period between 1950-1980. At that very period the Soviet Union was run by three famous leaders Stalin, Khruschev and Brezhnev. Their leaderships were marked with strained relations between two superpowers the USA and the USSR that was later given a name of the Cold War tension. Competition that was held between the two countries affected the USSR foreign policy and its attitude to the Third World and Europe to a great extent. A bipolar world order model was accepted and there was no possibility to the third way apart from socialist and capitalist ways. At that point the Middle East was seen as a battlefield between the USA and the USSR to promote a Soviet ideology and influence on the one hand and American ideals on the other. After collapse of the Ottoman Empire the desire to attract the newly established regimes made the two countries economically and politically active in the region. Egypt, Iraq and Syria with nationalist forces on power adopting socialist reforms gave the USSR an opportunity to influence their internal politics by performing economical and technical assistance. Despite the fact that the Soviet economic aid to the above mentioned countries reached the top during Brezhnev’s leadership there was no political or other advantages provided for the USSR. To the contrary when Gorbachov came to power it was considered unnecessary and harmful for the Soviet economy and brought the shift in a Soviet political course.
THE USSR AND THE MIDDLE EAST ECONOMIC RELATIONS; BY EGYPT, IRAQ AND SYRIA EXAMPLES (1950-1980) In our research paper we analysed economic relationships between the USSR and the Middle East in 30 years period between 1950-1980. At that very period the Soviet Union was run by three famous leaders Stalin, Khruschev and Brezhnev. Their leaderships were marked with strained relations between two superpowers the USA and the USSR that was later given a name of the Cold War tension. Competition that was held between the two countries affected the USSR foreign policy and its attitude to the Third World and Europe to a great extent. A bipolar world order model was accepted and there was no possibility to the third way apart from socialist and capitalist ways. At that point the Middle East was seen as a battlefield between the USA and the USSR to promote a Soviet ideology and influence on the one hand and American ideals on the other. After collapse of the Ottoman Empire the desire to attract the newly established regimes made the two countries economically and politically active in the region. Egypt, Iraq and Syria with nationalist forces on power adopting socialist reforms gave the USSR an opportunity to influence their internal politics by performing economical and technical assistance. Despite the fact that the Soviet economic aid to the above mentioned countries reached the top during Brezhnev’s leadership there was no political or other advantages provided for the USSR. To the contrary when Gorbachov came to power it was considered unnecessary and harmful for the Soviet economy and brought the shift in a Soviet political course.